Geographic coordinates of java, georgia. Where is Java Island located? - on the world map, coordinates and video The country which includes the island of Java

Java (in Indonesian "Jawa") - the fifth largest island in Indonesia, which is home to more than half of the country's population. Much of Indonesian history is inextricably linked to this island, where powerful Indo-Buddhist empires, Islamic sultanates and the colonial center of the Dutch East India Company were founded. Java played a pivotal role in the Indonesian independence struggle in the 1940s. Today the island occupies a dominant position in the political, economic and cultural life of the country. The state capital Jakarta (the largest city in Indonesia) is also located on this island.

Tourist attractions of the island

Borobudur - Buddhist temple of the 9th century, the second largest Buddhist temple in the world after Angkor Wat, has 504 Buddha statues and 2672 stone bas-reliefs. In 1991 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. More details in the articlee Borobudur

Prambanan - a complex of ancient Buddhist and Hindu temples, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. More details in the articlee Prambanan

Cities

Yogyakarta is a popular tourist city in Indonesia that has preserved its pure Javanese language and rich folk traditions. More details in the articlee Yogyakarta

History

Since 2000 BC. Java has already been inhabited by immigrants from mainland Southeast Asia. In the early centuries AD, the Javanese developed close trade and cultural relations with the Hindu cultures of India. The discovery of stone steles (prasasti) with texts and images carved on them testified to the existence of early Hindu kingdoms on the island.

Kingdoms of the Indo-Buddhist period

The small kingdoms of Taruma and Sunda in West Java formed in the 4th and 7th centuries respectively. But the first major state formation on the island of Java was the Kingdom of Mataram (732-1043), founded at the beginning of the 8th century by the rulers of the Silendra dynasty. The first rulers of the Mataram Kingdom professed Hinduism, then Buddhism became the dominant religion. From that era to the present day, the great Buddhist and Hindu monuments have survived: Borobudur and Prambanan.

At the beginning of the 10th century, the Mataram Kingdom fell into decay, the center of power began to shift from the central regions of the island of Java to the east. Finally, Mataram disintegrated around 1043 after a conflict with the gaining strength of the Kingdom of Srivijaya from the island of Sumatra.

Another powerful state of the Indo-Buddhist period was the Majapahit empire founded in 1293 (1293 - early 16th century). The Majapahit Empire reached the pinnacle of power during the reign of Khayyam Vuruk. An important role was played by the talented commander Gajah Mada, thanks to whom the empire of Khayyam Vuruk fully established control over the islands of Java, Bali, Sumatra and Madura.

The economy of the previous Javanese kingdoms was based on agriculture. The rulers of Majapahit established control over ports and shipping lanes, becoming the first empire to actively patronize trade. With the death of Khayyam Vuruk, the Majapahit empire began to decline and finally collapsed at the beginning of the 16th century under the onslaught of the Islamic sultanates.

The spread of Islam and the emergence of Islamic sultanates

The emergence of Islam has played a key role in the history of Java and Indonesia. Muslim traders have visited the Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With the rise of Islamic trade in the region, the Hindu kingdom of Majapahit began to decline. The Javanese faced a choice: fight or convert to Islam, and many eventually chose the latter. In the early 16th century, Javanese trading ports in east Java were completely separated from the dying Majapahit empire. Until the end of the 16th century, Islam became the dominant religion on the island of Java. During this period, the independent Muslim sultanates of Pajang, Mataram, Cheribon, Bantam were formed. The Sultanate of Mataram reached the greatest power (not to be confused with the Kingdom of Mataram). The sultanate reached the peak of its prosperity during the reign of Sultan Agung Hanyokro Kusumo (1613-1645). Agung managed to expand the territory of the Sultanate to the regions of Central and East Java, the Borneo Islands.

Colonial period

In 1596, four ships of the Dutch East India Company visited Java for the first time and after a short time the first Dutch trading posts began to appear on the coast of the island. In 1619, Dutch troops under the command of Peter Cohen attacked and took possession of Jaykarta (the present capital of Indonesia). The Dutch changed the name of Jaykart to Batavia and rebuilt the city according to the classical canons of Dutch colonial architecture.

Internal conflict prevented the Javanese from creating an effective alliance to counter the Dutch. Beginning in the 1670s, the Dutch East India Company began to seize control of the Muslim sultanates of Java. The West Java sultanates recognized the company's sovereignty in the last quarter of the 17th century, with the north-central and north-east following suit in 1743. In 1755, what remained of the once powerful Sultanate of Mataram, under pressure from the Dutch, was divided into two states vassal to the Dutch: Yogyakarta and Surakarta. By the end of the 18th century, the Dutch had spread their influence throughout the island.

On December 31, 1799, the Dutch government nationalized the Dutch East India Company and in 1807 officially declared that the Indonesian archipelago was part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. All Dutch-owned territory in Indonesia was ruled by a colonial administration centered in the city of Batavia (present-day Jakarta).

During the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the Netherlands and its colonies in the East Indies fell to the conquests of the French Republic. In 1811, Java was invaded by the British and the island was briefly held by the British Empire under the governor of Sir Stamford Raffles. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1814, the British returned Java to the Dutch in 1816.

In the 19th century, under the influence of Europeans, cars, railways and telegraph communications appeared. The Dutch put an end to civil wars, increased the area under rice cultivation, began to cultivate new crops, primarily cassava and corn, and yields increased. All this contributed to the elimination of hunger in Java and the rapid growth of the island's population.

Independence

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Java developed industry and agriculture most intensively of all the islands of the Dutch East Indies. Along with the development of capitalist relations, Indonesian nationalism and the desire to achieve independence began to emerge on the island. The colonists managed to suppress the first serious uprising of the Javanese in 1825-1830 against the Dutch with great difficulty. Taking these factors into account, the Dutch changed their domestic policy. Beginning in 1903, Javanese were allowed to participate in local government, and in 1925 Indonesians won a majority in the Volksraad ("People's Council").

During World War II, from 1942 to 1945, Java was occupied by the Japanese. After the end of the Japanese occupation, a liberation war against the Dutch began on the island. Upon its completion, in 1950, the island became part of the independent Republic of Indonesia.

Geography and landscape

Java Island Map

Covering about 150,000 km2 of land, Java is the 13th largest island in the world and the 5th largest in Indonesia. Length from east to west 1064 km, maximum width up to 210 km. The island is surrounded by the Java Sea in the north, the Sunda Strait in the west, the Indian Ocean in the south, and the Bali Strait in the east. In the west lies the island of Sumatra, Bali in the east. Borneo in the north and Christmas Island in the south.

Java is an island of volcanic origin. A mountain range crowned with volcanoes stretches from east to west along the center of the island. The highest is the Semeru volcano (3676 m), the most beautiful is Bromo, the most active volcano in Java and Indonesia is Merapi (2930 m).

Java is located at the junction of two tectonic plates. The friction of these two plates causes the heating and expansion of gas, magma and steam in the bowels of the Earth's earth, followed by an eruption. There are 33 active volcanoes on the island and it is part of the so-called "Pacific volcanic ring of fire", in which about 90% of all earthquakes on the planet occur. Volcanoes formed the rugged landscape, culture and religion of the inhabitants, influenced the development of agriculture, the construction of cities and villages.

The longest river on the island is Solo, which is almost 600 km long. The river originates from a source on Mount Lavu and flows northward at the mouth of the Java Sea near the city of Surabaya. Other major rivers are Brantas, Chitarum, Chimanuk and Serayu. Most of Java's rivers flow northward. Large and small rivers serve as a source of water for irrigation of flooded fields. Large rivers are navigable only during the rainy season.

Natural environment

Java Island Map

Java's natural environment ranges from coastal mangrove forests on the north coast to coastal cliffs on the south, from low-lying rainforests to barren volcanoes. The natural environment and climate is gradually changing from west to east - from wet and humid tropical forests in the west to dry savannas in the east.

The wildlife world is rich in biodiversity with many endemic species such as Javanese rhinoceros, Javanese banteng, Javanese pig, Javanese hawk, Javanese peacock, Javanese silver gibbon, glittering ghulman, Javanese deer and Javanese leopard. The island is home to over 450 species of birds (of which 37 are endemic), 100 species of snakes and more than 500 species of butterflies.

But it should be remembered that the island is inhabited by a huge number of people. With a population of over 143 million in 2014, that's more than half the population of Indonesia. With the growth of the population, tropical forests were ruthlessly destroyed, surviving only on mountain slopes and isolated remote areas. In place of tropical forests, a new landscape with rice terraces, which significantly changed the ecosystem of the island.

Some of the endemic animal species have already disappeared (Javanese tiger), some are on the verge of complete extinction. In order to preserve the wildlife world from human economic activities, a number of national parks were founded on the island: Mount Halimun Salak, Mount Gede Pangrango, Baluran, Meru Betiri and Alas Purvo, Ujung Kulon (the latter was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1991).

Administrative division

Administratively, Java is divided into 4 provinces (propinsi):

Banten, Serang administrative center;
West Java (Jawa Barat), the administrative center of Bandung;
Central Java (Jawa Tengah), the administrative center of Semarang;
East Java (Jawa Timur), the administrative center of Surabaya;

and two special regions:

Jakarta (Special Capital Region);
Yogyakarta (semi-autonomous region).

1. Special Capital Region Jakarta

Officially, Jakarta is not a city, but a province with the status of the capital, therefore it is governed not by the mayor, but by the governor. As a province, Jakarta is divided into 5 municipalities: Central, North, East, South and West (according to the geographical location on the map). It is the only city in Indonesia with provincial status. The Special Capital Region of Jakarta includes the cities of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi with a population of about 23 million. Until 1527, the city was called Sunda Kelapa, in 1527-1619 Jaykarta, in 1619-1942 Batavia, and from 1942 to the present day Jakarta.

2. Semi-autonomous region of Yogyakarta

The semi-autonomous region of Yogyakarta is located in the south of Java and borders the province of Central Java in the north. Unlike other provinces in Java, Yogyakarta is ruled by a sultan who is not elected in elections or appointed as the central authority in the capital. The semi-autonomous region consists of 4 districts and one large city of Yogyakarta. On the outskirts of Yogyakarta is the most active volcano in Indonesia - Merapi, and two of the most famous temples in Indonesia: Borobudur and Prambanan.

3. Province of Banten

Banten Province used to be part of West Java Province, but since 2000 it has received the status of a separate administrative unit. Banten Province consists of 4 municipalities and 4 cities. Serang is the main city of Banten province. The total population is 9 351 470 inhabitants (2006). Banten is conveniently located on the route of navigation of merchant ships between Australia and New Zealand, the countries of Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore), the islands of Java and Sumatra.

4. West Java Province

This province has 17 counties and 9 cities. In 2002, the population of West Java reached 37,548,565 people. Most of the inhabitants of West Java are Sundans. The administrative center of the province is the city of Bandung.

5. Central Java Province

The central province is considered the center of Javanese culture. The majority of the population of Central Java is Javanese. Administratively, the province is divided into 29 municipalities and 6 cities. The population of the province is 32 380 687 inhabitants. The administrative center is located in the city of Semarang.

6. Provinces of East Java

With an area of \u200b\u200b47,922 km² and a population of 37,070,731 (2005), it is the largest province in terms of territory and the second most populous. The administrative center is located in the city of Surabaya. Includes the island of Maduro with a population of almost 4 million inhabitants.

Demography

With a population of over 143 million (2014) and a density of 1,029 people per km² and above, Java is one of the most densely populated islands in the world. It is home to 57% of the Indonesian population. The highest concentration of population is in the west of the island (West Java, Banten and Jakarta), where the population density exceeds 1400 people per km².

Occupying 7% of the total area of \u200b\u200bIndonesia, the island is home to 57% of the country's population. From approximately 5 million inhabitants in 1815, the population grew to 143 million in 2014. The five largest and most populous cities in Indonesia are located on the island of Java: Jakarta, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Semarang and Bandung.

From the 1970s until the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, the Indonesian government undertook a program to relocate the inhabitants of Java to other, less populated islands in the country. During the implementation of this program, conflicts often arose between local residents and newly arrived settlers. From the 1970s until the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, the Indonesian government was able to relocate about 3 million residents.

Ethnic groups

Unlike other large islands in Indonesia, Java is comparatively homogeneous in its ethnic composition. The bulk of the population is represented by three main ethnic groups: Javanese (approximately 70% of the island's inhabitants), Sundanese and Madurians. Javanese live mainly in the central and eastern part of the island, Sundans mainly in the west and Madurians in the east. Historically, Madurians inhabited the island of Madura off Java's northeastern coast, and immigrated to East Java in the 18th century.

The fourth group is the Betavs (descendants of people living around Jakarta, from the 17th century to 1942 this city was called Batavia). The Betavas originated from the mixing of the local ethnic groups of the island with foreigners: Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and Hindus. Their culture and language is different from the Sundanese and Javanese.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Bromo volcano and the Tengger mountain range, about 600,000 tengeers live. Other minor ethnic groups: Badui, Batak, Balinese, Papua.

Of the foreigners, the most common are the Chinese, who control much of the island's trade.

Languages

Java has 3 main languages: Javanese, Sundanese and Madurian. Other languages \u200b\u200binclude Betavi (one of the Austronesian languages, common in the west of the island), Osing (one of the Austronesian languages, common in the east of the island), Tenger (Hindus living in the Tenger mountains in the east of the island), Badui (living in the mountainous regions of Kedang on west of the island), Balinese (eastern areas of the island around the city of Banyuwangi, adjacent to Bali) and Banyumasan language. The overwhelming majority of the population speaks Indonesian, the state language of the country.

Religion

The Indonesian constitution recognizes 5 "official" religions: Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Protestantism and Catholicism. Previously, Confucianism was also recognized, but in 1979 the Indonesian government removed from the list of "official religions".

According to the 2000 census, the share of Muslims is 86.1%, Protestants - 5.7%, Catholics - 3%, Hindus - 1.8%, Buddhists and adherents of other religions - 3.4%.

There are few places on Earth where the three main religions (Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism) are mixed so deeply as on the Indonesian island of Java. Hinduism and Buddhism were the dominant religions for 1000 years, but Islam came to replace them in the 16th century. Influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism, Indonesian Islam incorporated the rites of these two religions. Some of the excavated temples in East Java have a Hindu upper part and a Buddhist lower half, a number of early mosques have roofs in the form of Hindu temples. Early mosques were not built in the direction of Mecca, but to the west or east, in the style of Hindu temples. Islam in Indonesia developed under the enormous influence of the more advanced Buddhist and Hindu religions.

Economy

Java is the most economically developed island in Indonesia. Based on 2012 statistics, Java produces 57.51% of Indonesia's gross domestic product.
The original economy was based solely on rice cultivation. The power of the ancient kingdoms (Taruma, Mataram, Majapahit) largely depended on the yield of rice. The island has been a renowned exporter of rice since ancient times, and the cultivation of rich crops of this important agricultural crop has contributed to the island's population growth. The hillsides covered with rice terraces remain to this day a characteristic feature of the island's landscape.

During the colonial period, the Dutch introduced other agricultural crops: sugar cane, rubber, coffee, tea, and cinchona. Java was the first of all the islands of the Indonesian archipelago to start growing coffee (1699). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Javanese coffee gained worldwide popularity. The name Java has become synonymous with good coffee today.

Nowadays, two-thirds of the island's land area is occupied by agricultural land. Kapok, sesame seeds, vegetables, bananas, mangoes, durian, citrus fruits and vegetable oils are produced for local consumption. Tea, coffee, tobacco, rubber, cinchona, sugarcane, kapok and coconuts are exported abroad. Java's soils are very fertile due to the periodic enrichment of volcanic ash.

The need to transport rice, coffee and other goods from the plantations of the hinterland to ports on the coast has stimulated the construction of roads. In 1808, construction began on the Great Javanese Road, connecting the cities of Anyer in West Java and Panarukan in East Java. A developed network of toll roads began to be built during the reign of President Suharto, connecting large cities and industrial centers.

Oil is mined in the Arjun area near the northwest coast and refined at the refineries in Chilakap and Surabaya. There is also limited mining of manganese, sulfur, phosphates, gold and silver. Small-scale production includes the manufacture of clothing and fabrics with batik painting, iron casting, silver jewelry, agricultural tools, leatherworking, and ceramics. Large-scale production is represented by the textile industry, car assembly, brewing, large industries are engaged in the manufacture of shoes, paper, cement and cigarettes. Surabaya and Tanjung Priok (near Jakarta) are the main ports of the island.

Climate

Java's climate is hot and humid throughout the year. Average temperature +22 ° С +29 ° С, average humidity 75%. The maximum temperatures are observed in the plains along the northern coast, with an average of +34 ° C in the dry season. The southern coast is cooler than the north, and in the mountainous interior regions the temperature is even lower (average + 22 ° C, but in the dry season it drops to zero or even lower). Like other areas on the tropical island, Java's climate has two seasons: the rainy season (November to March) and the dry season (April to October). Precipitation tends to fall in the afternoon, with the wettest months in January and February. During the dry season from April to October, it can also rain, but in general the weather is sunny and cloudless.

Precipitation is distributed extremely unevenly, for example, West Java is more humid than East, the inner mountain regions receive much more precipitation. Thus, the annual rainfall on the Parahyangan Highlands in West Java is more than 4,000 mm, on the northern coast of East Java only 900 mm, and in the country's capital Jakarta, on average, about 1760 mm.

The dry season (April to October) is the best time to visit the island.

Latitude: 42 ° 23′58 ″ N
Longitude: 43 ° 56′12 ″ E
Elevation: 1084 m

Coordinates of Java in decimal degrees

Latitude: 42.3997200 °
Longitude: 43.9366700 °

Coordinates of Java in degrees and decimal minutes

Latitude: 42 ° 23.9832 ′ N
Longitude: 43 ° 56.2002 ′ E

All coordinates are given in the world coordinate system WGS 84.
WGS 84 is used in the GPS satellite-based global positioning and navigation system.
Coordinates (latitude and longitude) define the position of a point on the Earth's surface. Coordinates are angular values. The canonical form of representing coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes or in decimal degrees.
Latitude ranges from -90 ° to 90 °. 0 ° - latitude of the equator; −90 ° - latitude of the South Pole; 90 ° is the latitude of the North Pole. Positive values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to northern latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative - south latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated S or S).
Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and ranges from −180 ° to 180 °. Positive values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to east longitude (abbreviated as E or E); negative - west longitude (abbreviated W or W).
Altitude indicates the height of a point relative to the reference sea level. We use digital elevation model

The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta is located on the island of Java. It has a length of 1000 kilometers from west to east. The island is full of volcanoes, of which 30 are considered active.

The coordinates of the island of Java:

7 ° 30'10 ″ south latitude

111 ° 15'47 ″ east longitude

Java on the world mapwhich can be controlled (zoom and move the mouse)

Facts about the island of Java:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe island is 132,000 thousand km².
30% of Java is jungle.
On the island, archaeologists have discovered the remains of Pithecatropes and Javanthropus.
Java was discovered in 1511.
Java is considered the most populated island in the entire world.
The population is 140 million people.
Java is spoken in 2 languages: Javanese and Indonesian.
The famous Kopi Luwak coffee is grown on the island.
One of the main attractions is the Borobudur Temple.
Jakarta is the largest and most modern city on the island.
The best beaches are located in the west of the island.

Java is on the list: islands

Population of Java

According to recent estimates, the island's population has long exceeded 140 million. Thus, Java is recognized as the most densely populated island in the world. The ethnic composition is diverse, but the majority of the inhabitants are Indonesian-Javanese. In addition, in the composition you can meet Sundans, Madurians and immigrants from, who came at different times. The official language throughout the island is Malay. You can often hear Chinese and Javanese dialects.

The main occupation of the local population is agriculture. The villagers grow rice and other cereals. The cities have developed industries: textiles, electronics, mining and processing.

The largest city on the island is Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It is home to over 9 million people. Next in terms of size and number of inhabitants are Semarang, Serang, Bandung and others.

Weather in Java

The climate of the island is determined by its location relative to the equator. It is always warm and very humid here. There are no sharp changes in temperature, even despite the pronounced seasonality. The average air temperature is kept at 24 degrees.

Showers and hurricanes are always short-lived here.

Flora and fauna

Flora is not particularly exotic and unique. Lianas, bamboos, huge ficuses grow in tropical forests. Above sea level, the variety of vegetation becomes richer. You can find oaks, chestnuts and some types of conifers.

The fauna of the island is much more interesting and varied. Java is home to over 150 species of animals. There are many endemics among them.

The island's cuisine is considered the most non-exotic. The main components of the dishes are rice, vegetables, beef. Local fruits, which are abundant in Java, are very popular. If you really want to try real traditional food, you should go to small cafes where the local population eats. They are always delicious and very cheap, unlike restaurants, where guides constantly lead. However, even here you can find exotic.

In the village of Tuban, earth pies are popular. They are prepared from silty soil from rice fields. According to local residents, this dish is considered nutritious and very healthy. The population of the village tries not to talk about the taste of the pies.

The Javanese drink cane juice, ginger tea, local Tuak beer and palm vodka.

In Indonesia, Bali is the most famous and loved by tourists, but Java also has a lot of interesting things. The beaches on the island are covered with white, coarse sand, and the sea is always clean. In addition, there are many attractions in local cities that can surprise any tourist. Let's get acquainted with the most popular places on the Java island.

Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park

Bromo National Park is located near the city of Surabaya. This is one of the most amazing sights of Indonesia, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. The park covers an area of \u200b\u200bover 800 sq. meters. On its territory there is a huge number of dense forests, waterfalls and several active volcanoes. Thanks to them, most of the national park is covered with black, volcanic sand, which creates a special alien effect. The park got its name from a local tribe - Tenggers and two mountains.

The park is unique thanks to five volcanoes, which, according to legend, lead to the underworld. You can climb to the top on foot or by jeep. This place is wildly popular with tourists and is rightfully considered the highlight of the island.

Temple complex Borobudur

The temple complex is located 40 kilometers from Jakarta. This place is not only considered the highlight of the city, but is also known throughout the world. It was erected around the 8-9th century. For a long time, the temple complex was hidden from human eyes in the shadow of a dense jungle, covered with tons of volcanic dust. The ancient structure still remains a mystery to scientists. No one can give an exact answer when and by whom Borobudur was built. Also, no one can understand why he was left after the eruption of one of the five volcanoes.

Seen from the side, the entire temple complex resembles a huge 34-meter bell. By its structure, it is a pyramid, the base of which is made up of several large concrete slabs. Carved bell-shaped stupas are installed on them. Inside each stupa there are Buddha statues.

Temple complex Prambanan

It is an amazing landmark dating from the 9th century. The temple complex is located a few kilometers from Jakarta. Prambanan is considered the largest in Indonesia. There is a huge statue of Shiva inside the temple. Prambanan is often called the temple of Shiva Lara Jongrang. Small structures are built on the sides of the main temple, personifying the sacred animals of Indonesia. Also on the territory of Prambanan there are numerous tombs and rooms for sacrifices. The temple complex was recently recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

This ancient structure has been destroyed more than once. All the fault were numerous earthquakes, as well as the volcanic activity of Merapi. For more than a hundred years, restoration work has been carried out to restore Prambanan.

Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia. He constantly smokes. Small eruptions occur every two years, but large ones every 15 years. The last time strong volcanic activity was observed in 2006. This makes Merapi one of the ten most active volcanoes in the world.

Such fame does not prevent the local population from living at the very bottom, and tourists from climbing to the very top. The beauties, revealed from a great height, surprise and amaze.

Old city

The old city is located in Jakarta and covers an area of \u200b\u200babout 1.5 square meters. kilometers. This place is the cultural center with the largest number of ancient monuments. The first settlement on this territory was created in the 14th century. Then the port was built. Over time, more and more new objects appeared in the city. The Dutch made a great contribution to the development of the Old City, who built amazingly beautiful temples. The site is currently listed as a World Heritage Site.

Many different cultures are collected in the Old Town. That is why this place has a special atmosphere that attracts thousands of tourists.

Taman Sari Water Palace

The palace was founded in the 18th century by the ruler of Jakarta. The complex included leisure rooms, the main palace, a lake, and a swimming pool. The building was under construction for several years with money allocated from the state treasury. Taman Sari at that time was a real work of art. The palace had its own individual sewerage system. The castle was separated from the outside world by a huge dug channel. The water supply was made from the lake. Some rooms had warm, underfloor heating.

In addition, a large network of underground passages was dug under the palace, which connected some rooms to each other. The magnificent garden of the palace complex has always been legendary. That is why the castle is called Taman Sari, which translates as "blooming garden". Today, ruins remain of the once majestic structure. Some of the territory is inhabited by local residents. In recent years, the restoration of the palace complex has been underway. The pool and several rooms have been restored and are open to the public.

Botanical Garden of Bogor

This is one of the most famous places on the island. The garden is located not far from Jakarta in the West Java province. In another way it is called "Kebun Raya". The entire territory of the botanical garden has a huge area of \u200b\u200b87 hectares. In addition, 4 branches of Kebun Raya are scattered across the island of Java. In the collection of the garden there are more than 15 thousand of the most diverse plants, comprising 6000 species. In this place, you can still see plants planted at the foundation of Kebun Raya. In addition to endemic plants, there are many specimens brought from other countries, as well as rare species.

Bogorsky Garden is also called the center for the study of nature. And not in vain, since scientists from all over the world constantly come here. Kebun Raya Gate is constantly open to numerous visitors. Here you can not only take a break from the bustle of the city, but also learn a lot by visiting the Zoological and Botanical Museum. One of the main exhibits of the Bogorsky Garden is the collection of orchids. Some species of this amazing flower are found in indoor greenhouses, while others grow on open-air lawns.

Sea of \u200b\u200bsands

The sea of \u200b\u200bsands is a unique sight and is located in a large caldera 10 kilometers in diameter. For millennia, majestic volcanoes have spewed tons of lava rock, which eventually turned into a large one. Once here, you plunge into a special atmosphere.

The landscape that opens up to the eye is very similar to the surface of the moon. A special effect is added by the foggy haze over the crater, which constantly hangs over the volcano.

Thousand Islands

A large number of small islets can be seen off the north coast of Java. From a great height, it seems as if there are more than a thousand of them. However, calculations showed that there are about 115 continental formations in this area. Their number may vary depending on the ebb and flow. So Jakarta is the only place on the territory of which there are more than a hundred islands.

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