Presentation of the architecture of ancient Greece acropolis. Presentation "Acropolis" for a history lesson
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In the 5th century AD The Parthenon became the Church of Our Lady, Athena Parthenos was transported to Constantinople. Having captured Greece in 1456, the Turks turned the temple into a mosque, added minarets to it, and then built an arsenal there. The Erechtheion became the harem of the Turkish Pasha. The temple of Niki Apteros was dismantled, and its blocks were used to build a bastion wall. In 1687, a cannonball from a Venetian ship destroyed the central part of the Parthenon. Trying to remove the sculptures from him, the Venetians smashed several statues. During the War of Independence, the Greeks, taking refuge in the Acropolis, were ready to melt down the lead rods inside the columns into bullets. Having learned about this, the Turkish Pasha ordered to give them a supply of cartridges so that the Parthenon would not perish. At the beginning of the 19th century. Lord Elgin tore out a number of metopes, tens of meters of frieze, surviving pediment sculptures and a caryatid from the portico of the Erechtheion. In museums around the world you can find exhibits that speak of the former greatness of the Acropolis. In 1983, restoration work began and is still ongoing. The complex is under UNESCO protection.
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Acropolis - the city fortress of countries Ancient world located on an elevated place, the fortified part of the city, which served as protection in times of danger. On the Acropolis, temples were erected to the gods, the patrons of the city, and the treasury and weapons of the city were stored. The Athens Acropolis is a complex architectural and spatial complex that takes into account the surrounding nature as much as possible. Situated on a natural limestone cliff 156 m above sea level with a flat top (270-155 m). Based on the found ceramic fragments, the date of the first settlements on the Acropolis is determined (4-7 thousand BC).
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Propylaea – ceremonial entrance to the Acropolis (437–432 BC). Built by the architect Mnesiklos and located in the western part of the Acropolis. The Propylaea, built from Pentelicon marble, stands at the top of a steep slope, to which an 80-meter path originally led. In the middle of the 1st century. The Romans, during the reign of Emperor Claudius, covered the road surface with steps. The Propylaea are two Doric porticos, one of which faces the city, the other faces the top of the Acropolis. The ceilings of the porticos were decorated with square recesses painted with gold stars on a blue background. Propylaea – ceremonial entrance to the Acropolis (437–432 BC). Built by the architect Mnesiklos and located in the western part of the Acropolis. The Propylaea are two Doric porticos, one of which faces the city, the other faces the top of the Acropolis. The ceilings of the porticos were decorated with square recesses painted with gold stars on a blue background.
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Where the hillside rose sharply, a transverse wall was built with five passages, the central one intended for ceremonial processions. In normal times it was closed with bronze gates. These gates were the boundaries of the sanctuary. To the right and left of the western portico there were pavilions of unequal size. The larger northwestern wing of the Propylaea housed the Pinakothek, an art gallery. In the southwestern wing of the Propylaea there is a library. The Propylaea had no sculptural decoration.
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The Temple of Nike Apteros is an unusually elegant marble temple adjacent to the southwestern wing of the Propylaea, built by the architect Kallikrates. The temple project was carried out in 450 BC, and its construction was carried out in 427–421 BC. The building is placed at a slight angle to the façade of the Propylaea. Standing on a three-stage pedestal, the temple was surrounded on all sides by a sculptural ribbon frieze, which depicted episodes of the struggle between the Greeks and the Persians, and the Olympian gods (Athena, Zeus, Poseidon). Inside the temple there was a now-unpreserved sculpture of Athena Nike, according to eyewitnesses, depicted with a helmet in one hand and a pomegranate fruit, a symbol of victorious peace, in the other.
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The Parthenon is the largest and most famous building in this ensemble, which is called both the “hymn” of Ancient Greece and the “beauty of simplicity.” The Parthenon is the temple of the goddess Athena the Virgin. Built by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates, the Parthenon, which fit perfectly into the surrounding area, was distinguished by amazing harmony. This applies to its steps, outer colonnade, pediments, friezes and metopes - square slabs with sculptures, many of which were created by Phidias. The Parthenon building was erected from local white marble, but then painted; inside there were two more porticoes with columns. Here, on a high pedestal, stood a 12-meter statue of Athena the Virgin by the same Phidias. This statue was made of ivory and gold, and not of bronze and marble, as usual. Phidias made the goddess's clothes and helmet from pure gold, her hair and shield formed gold plates, and precious sapphires were inserted into her eye sockets
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On the southern slope of the Acropolis is the oldest known theaters, - theater Dionysus (god of wine). The theater has 78 rows of spectators, which are divided by a passage into two zones. The passage is also part of the Peripata - the path that surrounds the sacred rock of the Acropolis. The front rows of marble spectators, 67 seats, were intended in ancient times for rulers, archons and priests. In the center of the front rows is the throne of the chief priest of the temple, Dionysus Eleftherius.
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The Erechtheion is an outstanding monument of ancient Greek architecture, made by an unknown author (421–415 and 409–406 BC). The temple, located near the Parthenon, is dedicated to Athena, Poseidon and the legendary king of Athens Erechtheus, who gave the name of the temple. A special feature of the temple is its unusual asymmetrical layout, taking into account the unevenness of the soil. On three sides the building is decorated with porticoes of various shapes, including the famous portico of the caryatids. The temple consists of two rooms located on different levels. East End The temple, located higher than the western one, is dedicated to Athena Pollada.
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Akroo pol (ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις - upper city) - an elevated and fortified part of the ancient Greek city, the so-called upper city; fortress (shelter in case of war). Temples of the patron deities of a given city were usually located on the Acropolis. The most famous is the Acropolis in Athens, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Propylaea – ceremonial entrance to the Acropolis (437–432 BC). Built by the architect Mnesiklos and located in the western part of the Acropolis. The Propylaea are two Doric porticos, one of which faces the city, the other faces the top of the Acropolis. The ceilings of the porticos were decorated with coffers (square recesses) painted with gold stars on a blue background. These gates were the boundaries of the sanctuary. In this building, two orders were used for the first time: Doric on the outside, Ionic on the inside. To the right and left of the western portico there were pavilions of unequal size. The larger northwestern wing of the Propylaea housed the Pinakothek, an art gallery. In the southwestern wing of the Propylaea there is a library. The Propylaea had no sculptural decoration.
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The Temple of Nike Apteros is an unusually elegant marble temple adjacent to the southwestern wing of the Propylaea, built by the architect Kallikrates. The building is placed at a slight angle to the façade of the Propylaea. Standing on a three-stage pedestal, the temple was surrounded on all sides by a sculptural ribbon frieze, which depicted episodes of the struggle between the Greeks and the Persians, and the Olympian gods (Athena, Zeus, Poseidon). Inside the temple there was a now-unpreserved sculpture of Athena Nike, according to eyewitnesses, depicted with a helmet in one hand and a pomegranate fruit, a symbol of victorious peace, in the other.
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The statue of Athena Promachos (AthenaWarrior) is a huge bronze statue by Phidias on the Athenian Acropolis, erected in 465-455 BC. e. It stood on a high pedestal between the Erechtheion and the Parthenon. Athena was depicted wearing a helmet, with a shield and a spear, and the helmet and the tip of the spear were gold. Installed on a high pedestal in the center of the Acropolis, it was a kind of connecting axis of the entire ensemble. Depicted in a luxurious helmet, with a shield and a spear, she was visible from afar, from the sea, because the sun sparkled on the golden parts of the statue (the tip of the spear, the helmet). The sculpture of Athena Promachos by Phidias amazed contemporaries with its grandiose dimensions.
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The Erechtheion is an outstanding monument of ancient Greek architecture, made by an unknown author (421–415 and 409–406 BC). One of the legends associated with this temple talks about a dispute between the gods (Athena and Poseidon) over the patronage of Attica. An olive tree grew next to the temple - a gift from Athena to the inhabitants of the city. Burned by the Persians in 480 BC, as legends told, it was reborn again. The floor of the temple bore traces of the blow from Poseidon's trident.
A special feature of the temple is its unusual asymmetrical layout, taking into account the unevenness of the soil. On three sides the building is decorated with porticoes of various shapes, including the famous portico of the caryatids. The temple consists of two rooms located on different levels. The eastern part of the temple, located higher than the western, is dedicated to Athena
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Parthenoo n (ancient Greek Παρθενών) is the most famous monument of ancient architecture, located on the Athenian Acropolis, the main temple in ancient Athens, dedicated to the patroness of this city and all of Attica, the goddess Athena the Virgin (Ἀθηνᾶ Παρθένος). Built in 447 - 438 BC. e. by the architect Callicrates according to the design of Ictinus
Slide 1Athens Acropolis Developed by art teacher: Gnatyuk Natalya Aleksandrovna MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" Yugorsk 2008-09
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Here are images of columns of the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian order. Name the components of the columns. Give a definition: Option 1 - pediment, Option 2 - capital, Option 3 - metope.
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Distribute ancient Greek structures into groups 1). Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens 2). Temple of Hera in Paestum 3). Temple of Athena Nike 4). Temple of Apollo at Ephesus 5). temple of Apollo in Corinth 6). Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 7). Temple of Zeus at Olympus
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AKROPOLIS AKROPOLIS (Greek: akropolis), an elevated and fortified part of an ancient Greek city, i.e., the upper city; fortress (shelter in case of war).
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Ensemble of the Athenian Acropolis Propylaea Parthenon Temple of Athena Nike (Temple of Nike Apteros) Theater of Dionysus Temple of Erechtheion Statue of Athena Promachos Pinakothek (art gallery) Library
Propylaea and the Temple of Nike Apteros The sacred road, along which the procession of Athenians moved from the agora to the temple of the patron goddess during the main festival of the Great Panathenaia, leads to the Propylaea, which has 5 passages and in ancient times was flanked by two equestrian statues of the Dioscuri. In the left, protruding wing, there was a Pinakothek (a collection of pinak paintings donated to the goddess Athena), in the right there was a storage room for manuscripts and a room for the gatekeeper and guards. To the right of the Propylaea, on a pyrgos (an outcrop of a fortified rock), stands a small, light and graceful temple of the Ionic order, dedicated to Athena Nike, known as the temple of Nike Apteros (Wingless Victory; 443-420, architect Kallicrates).
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Parthenon The main temple in ancient Athens, dedicated to the patroness of this city and all of Attica, the goddess Athena the Virgin. It stood on the highest point of the Athenian Acropolis. On a rectangular platform (68.4 m long and 30.38 m wide), built of Piraeus stone and which could be climbed from all sides by three steps, stood a majestic Doric-style peripterus built from Pentelic marble with eight fluted columns and with seventeen in each long one. The height of these columns was 11 m, the diameter of their section at the lower end was 1.8 m. Surrounded by this colonnade, the body of the temple itself was amphiprostyle, that is, having on each short side, eastern and western, a portico with six columns smaller: in the eastern portico there was an entrance to the sanctuary. Both porticos were blocked by gilded iron bars placed between the columns. The interior of the temple consisted of two parts: the so-called cella, 100 feet long. (hence another name for the Parthenon, Hekatompedon, i.e. a hundred-foot temple) and from the rear, less extensive room (opisphodom). In the temple there was a statue of Athena, sculpted by the great sculptor Phidias. The treasury, which housed the treasury of the Athenian Maritime League and the city archive, was adjacent to the sanctuary from the west, on the rear side. Here the priestesses of the temple wove sacred clothes (peplos), which the inhabitants of the city brought as gifts to the goddess during the festivals.
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Statue of Athena In the depths of the Parthenon, under the shadow of the horizontal ceiling, stood the colossal statue of Athena, one of the most magnificent works of Phidias. The goddess was represented standing in a simple but majestic pose, wearing a shell, with an aegis on her chest. At her feet, on the base, was a shield, slightly leaning against her left leg; on it rested the left hand of the goddess, holding a spear. On the palm of his right hand stood a figure of Victory, the size of a man, holding a laurel wreath. Athena's tall helmet was decorated in the middle with a statue of a sphinx, and on the sides with figures of vultures. Around the spear, below, there was a snake entwined - an emblem of wisdom. On the inside of the shield there was a Gigantomachy depicted in relief, and on the outside - the battle of the Amazons. Even the edges of the goddess’s clothes and sandals were decorated with images of the battle between the centaurs and the lapiths. The entire statue was 26 cubits (7m) high and was made on a wooden base of pure gold and ivory, so that the body parts were cut out of the latter, while all other parts were gold.
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Temple of Erechtheion In the Erechtheion, the oldest sanctuary of Athens, there was the sacred xoan of Athena (a wooden statue), which according to legend fell from the sky, the altars of Hephaestus and the hero But, the tomb of the legendary Athenian king Cecrops, and the sanctuary of the Attic dew goddess Pandrosa adjoined to the west. In the courtyard of the Erechtheion there grew a sacred olive tree, donated to the city by Athena, and a salt spring flowed, which Poseidon carved with his trident.