How many halls are in the big Kremlin palace. Grand Kremlin Palace

I do not think that you have to visit the Grand Kremlin Palace every day. Therefore, we have a unique opportunity to see not only this building from the outside, but also to visit its beautiful halls. And I must say, it's amazing.

The Grand Kremlin Palace - a monumental yellow building with white architraves, a facade overlooking the Moscow River, stretching from west to east for 125 meters, was built by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, as a palace-monument of Russian history and the glory of the Russian army. In 1838-1849 it was built by Russian architects D.N. Chichalov, P.A. Gerasimov, A.N. Bakarev, F. Richter and others under the direction of K.A. Ton. The palace was the temporary residence of the imperial family during their stay in Moscow. From the outer facade, the palace looks like a three-story building, but actually consists of two floors. The first floor protrudes forward and forms an open terrace at the top. Arched windows separated by narrow walls give it the appearance of a closed gallery. The plinth is lined with natural stone. The two-tier facade of the second floor is dissected by pilasters and completely decorated with carved white-stone window frames in the style of Russian architecture of the 17th century. All photos and comments to them gborisova

Door portal of the Andreevsky Hall. Andrew's Order Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, the eldest of the Russian orders, established by Emperor Peter I in 1698 in the name of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, St. baptism originally limits our enlightened. The Imperial Order of St. Andrew the First-Called has only one degree. Its signs are as follows: 1) a blue cross in a two-headed eagle crowned with three crowns, representing St. Apostle Andrew and having Latin letters at the four ends: - S. A. P. R., meaning: Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae, and on the other side, in the middle of the eagle, a charter on which the motto of the order is written: "for faith and fidelity"; 2) a silver star, having in the middle, in a golden field, a double-headed eagle crowned with three crowns, and in the middle of the eagle is the St. Andrew's Cross; in a circle, in a blue field, at the top is the motto of the order in gold letters, and below are two connected laurel branches; the star is worn on the left side; 3) blue ribbon over the right shoulder; and on the order holiday and other days, when the highest orders will be given to the cavaliers to be in full dress, instead of a ribbon, an order cross on a gold chain.

When awarding the order to non-Christians, the image of St. The Apostle, his name and cross is replaced by the image of the Imperial Russian Eagle. The signs complained of for military exploits are joined by two crossed swords. Order attire consists of: 1) A long, green velvet coat, lined with white taffeta with silver-eyed cragens, tied with silver. laces, with the same tassels; on its left side a more ordinary star is embroidered; 2) superwest white eyelet, with gold lace, the same fringe and with a cross sewn on the chest; 3) a black velvet hat with a red feather and with the cross of St. Andrew the Apostle, sewn from a narrow blue ribbon. The cavaliers of this order are considered to be all in the third class, even if they were in the service below this class, and at the same time they are made cavaliers of St. Alexander Nevsky, the White Eagle and St. Anna of the 1st class, even if they did not have them before. - Cavaliers celebrate the day of the establishment of this order - November 30, and the order was given a cathedral named after him on Vasilyevsky Island. St. Petersburg are under special care and care of the cavaliers of this order. and Moscow. educational homes (St. Law vol. I, Uchr. Ord. Art. 291 et seq.). Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907.

Andreevsky hall from the moment of construction was the main one in the palace. In its eastern side there are three throne places under ermine canopies. All parts of the royal place: the canopy, the steps of the footstools and the thrones are covered with precious golden brocade. The canopy inside is upholstered with ermine fur (today the ermine on the royal mantle is artificial - the old mantle that covered the thrones was sold in 1925). There are three throne places. During the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II, they were intended for the emperor, empress and dowager empress - the mother of Nicholas.

The imperial throne is overshadowed by a tent, with an entrance of six steps. On the plafond of the tent is placed the state emblem of the Russian Empire - a double-headed eagle.

St. Andrew's Throne Hall On the days of the coronation celebrations, the Emperor and Empress received congratulations in the St. Andrew's Hall. Representatives of different nationalities, classes and religions were invited to Moscow from all over the country. The sovereign and empress greeted them standing. The throne room of Russian emperors impresses with its size and dazzling luxury. Cross vaults rest on 10 tetrahedral columns, forming three naves. The vaults, columns and pylons are covered with gilded stucco molding in the form of a floral pattern. And the capitals are decorated with the sign of the order - a double-headed eagle, against which there is a blue cross with the image of the crucified apostle. The walls are covered with silk moire, decorated with chains and the badge of the Order. On the frieze of the longitudinal walls are placed 48 titular coats of arms of Russian monarchs. "For Faith and Loyalty" is the motto of this order.

Dome of the Vladimir Hall. Vladimir Hall is named after the Order of St. Vladimir. Order of St. Vladimir was dedicated to the holy Prince Vladimir, popularly called the "Red Sun", who brought the light of Christ to Rus'. The order was established in 1782 as an award for outstanding service in the military and civil service, as well as for long service. The motto of the order is "Benefit, Honor and Glory". The octahedral double-height hall of St. Vladimir, in contrast to the Georgievsky hall, is illuminated by overhead light through the dome. The vault of the Vladimir Hall resembles tents, and the arches of the bypass side galleries seem to repeat the outlines of the ancient arches. The dome is crowned with a light lantern. In the evening, the hall is illuminated by a huge gilded bronze chandelier.

St. George's Hall - the largest front hall throughout the palace: length 61 m, width 20.5 m, height 17.5 m. The combination of white and gold creates a feeling of solemnity with its simplicity. Powerful pylons support the vaulted ceiling, decorated with stucco molding in the form of floral ornaments and rosettes. All eighteen pylons are crowned with marble statues (sculptor Ivan Vitali) - allegorically symbolizing the regions and kingdoms that make up the multinational state. Structurally, each pylon consists of a high hollow zinc column, decorated with stucco and crowned with a capital of the Corinthian order. On the southern and northern walls are bas-reliefs depicting St. George and the snake (sculptor Pavel Kladsh). The parquet floor resembles a gigantic patterned carpet. The floor is laid out with a pattern of more than 20 different types of wood - birch, ash, Indian rosewood, plane tree, plane trees, etc. In the evenings, the hall is illuminated by six bronze gilded openwork chandeliers. Each weighing 1300 kg. and 40 wall lamps. The signs of St. George were: a gold cross with white enamel depicting George slaying a snake, a black and orange ribbon and a gold star with the motto "For Service and Courage". The signs of the Order adorn the upper part of the walls of the St. George's Hall. The names of the Knights of St. George and the names of regular military formations awarded this order are inscribed in gold on the wall plaques. They were awarded to soldiers and officers for bravery and courage shown in battle, and for long service: 25 years in the army and 18 in the navy. Over 11,000 heroes have been awarded the order throughout its history. During the solemn consecration of the palace in April 1849, Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow said: "The hall of George the Victorious should become a temple of glory for the victorious Russian army." This hall has witnessed many historical events.

The signs of St. George were: a gold cross with white enamel depicting George slaying a snake, a black and orange ribbon and a gold star with the motto "For Service and Courage". The signs of the Order adorn the upper part of the walls of the St. George's Hall. During ceremonial receptions, officers gathered, on whose chest there were the same signs that adorn the walls of the hall. On the walls of the St. George Hall there are marble plaques with carved in gold letters the names of 545 regiments, naval crews and batteries and more than 10 thousand names of officers and generals who were awarded the St. George Order, among them such names as: Suvorov, Kutuzov, Ushakov, Nakhimov. During the solemn consecration of the palace in April 1849, Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow said: "The hall of George the Victorious should become a temple of glory for the victorious Russian army." The original parquet made in 1845 has been preserved in the Georgievsky Hall. More than 20 precious woods from South-East Asia And South America. This hall hosts international conferences, diplomatic and government receptions, awarding ceremonies with orders and medals.

This is one of the most impressive halls of the Kremlin Palace. Large and solemn, it is named after the Order of St. George the Victorious, established in 1769 by Empress Catherine II and which became the highest award in the Russian army. The Holy Great Martyr has long been revered in Rus' as the personification of military prowess. Under Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, there was even a certain prototype of this order. A coin with the image of George the Victorious was awarded to soldiers for bravery. At that time, it was worn on a sleeve or hat. George the Victorious, in addition, since ancient times was considered the patron saint of Moscow. Since its foundation, the image of the saint has adorned the coat of arms. ancient capital, and later became part of the coat of arms of Russia. During the solemn consecration of the palace in April 1849, Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow said: "The hall of George the Victorious should become a temple of glory for the victorious Russian army." On the walls of the St. George's Hall, gold stars and orders with the motto "For Service and Courage" are depicted. The names of 545 regiments, naval crews and batteries and more than 10 thousand names of officers and generals awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious are carved on marble slabs. Among them are the names of Field Marshals A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, General P. I. Bagration, Admirals F. F. Ushakov, P. S. Nakhimov. On both sides of the hall rise 18 twisted columns topped with allegorical statues of victories. The ceiling is decorated with stucco molding in the form of a floral ornament and rosettes. The parquet floor of the hall is exceptional in beauty and virtuosity. It is lined with a pattern of 20 different types of wood - birch, ash, Indian rosewood, plane tree, plane trees, etc. In the semicircles of the transverse walls there are high relief statues of St. George on a horse by the sculptor Peter Klodt.

The Alexander Hall, to which gilded doors lead from the St. George Hall, is huge: 31.5 meters long, 21 meters wide and 20 meters high. In the design of this hall, the architect Konstantin Ton used elements typical of Byzantine-Russian architecture. Prince Alexander of Novgorod, patron of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, a state award of the Russian Empire from 1725 to 1917, established by Catherine I, was famous for piety and courage.

The dome of the Alexander Hall is a hemisphere supported by massive pylons. In its stucco gilded cortuses, the signs of the Order are placed: a cross and a star with the monogram S.A. The state emblem is depicted on the sides - a two-headed eagle with a royal crown, scepter and orb. The house, like the world there is a surprise, ... the house is green red, pre-cunningly created The honesty of the kingdoms is splendidly prepared. Its beauty is powerfully equal to Solomon's beautiful dress ... Gold shines brightly everywhere, the Royal House of being is beauty. I always look at writings, I learn many strange stories... Four parts of the world are written, Aki are cunningly sculpted on copper... Buslaev F. I. Historical anthology of Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages. M., 1861. S. 1197.

Entrance to the Andreevsky throne room. The parquet in the halls of the palace was made in 1843 by Moscow craftsmen. His contemporaries called him beautiful, durable and elegant at the same time. The exquisite patterns and weaves of the parquet pattern resemble a real woven carpet. In March 1960, Petr Moller, professor at the Academy of Arts, offered to paint a picture on the theme of the life of St. Alexander Nevsky, patron of the Order. Six historical canvases were created and mounted in the upper niches of the end sides of the hall: on the western side - the military exploits of the prince, on the eastern side - scenes from his peaceful life: the builder of monasteries, an enlightened and wise ruler.

Ceiling vaults of the Alexander Hall Sail vaults, decorated with orders, carry a spherical dome with the same signs, framed by state emblems in triangular ornaments on four sides. The house, like the world there is a surprise, ... the house is green red, pre-cunningly created The honesty of the kingdoms is splendidly prepared. Its beauty is powerfully equal to Solomon's beautiful dress ... Gold shines brightly everywhere, the Royal House of being is beauty. I always look at writings, I learn many strange stories... Four parts of the world are written, Aki are cunningly sculpted on copper... Buslaev F. I. Historical anthology of Church Slavonic and Old Russian languages. M., 1861. S. 1197.

Huge, two-tiered windows of the Alexander Hall face south and literally flood all the rooms with light reflected in numerous mirrors. The walls are decorated with white and pink artificial marble. The furniture is upholstered in red velvet in the color of the sash. On the walls between the twisted columns are the coats of arms of the lands that were part of the Russian Empire.

Carved massive doors are decorated with order crosses. In the 19th century, the main hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace was the Andreevsky (throne) hall. In the mid-90s of the XX century, the Andreevsky Hall was restored to its original splendor. The hall is decorated with 10 gilded pylons and gilded doors with order crosses and chains of the St. Andrew's Order, established by Emperor Peter I. The walls are covered with blue, the colors of the St. Andrew's ribbon, silk moire, decorated with chains and signs of the order. The coats of arms of the provinces and regions of Russia are placed above the windows. The dome of the hall is noteworthy, in the complex stucco gilded patterns of which order signs with the motto “Benefit. Honor. Glory".

In addition, you have the opportunity to get acquainted with other halls of the Grand Kremlin Palace. Hall of the inauguration of the President of Russia! Red Porch. Proud of beauty, craftsmen, history and Russia!

In 1838, on the initiative of Nicholas I, on Borovitsky Hill, they began to build the Grand Kremlin Palace on the site of the dismantled palaces of Ivan III and Elizabeth Petrovna. Construction was completed in 1849. Almost a hundred years before that, attempts were made to create a new palace. So, in 1768, the architect Bazhenov presented his model of the building, located from the banks of the Moscow River along the entire Borovitsky Hill. In 1770 a part of the Kremlin wall was broken and in 1773 a new residence was solemnly laid. But a year later, it was decided that such a grandiose project was inappropriate and the construction was stopped. The destroyed Kremlin wall was restored and instead of a pompous palace, the building of the Moscow Senate was built.

But the beginning of construction in 1812 again showed the need to build a palace in honor of the renewal of Moscow.

A group of specialists was invited to work on the project - Bakarev, Gerasimov, Rikhnet, Chichagov. The project was headed by the architect K.A. Ton, the author of the project of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the founder of the so-called Byzantine-Russian style.

As planned by the authors, the Palace complex, which will later be called the Grand Kremlin Palace, was supposed to include, in addition to the largest building, part of the surviving structures of the royal residence - the Golden Tsaritsyna Chamber, the Pomegranate Chamber, house churches and the Terem Palace.

The chief architect Ton did not seek to build an innovative complex of buildings, he took as a basis the planning and architectural elements of familiar historical buildings already familiar to Muscovites. But during the construction, the most advanced and modern techniques and technologies were used, for example, lightweight brick vaults, new roof structures, cement and other most innovative building materials for that time.

Only in 1851, after the construction of the Armory and the Apartments, connected by an air passage with the palace complex, did the Grand Kremlin Palace become a single architectural ensemble, worthy of the imperial family and which has become one of the wonders of the city for Muscovites and foreigners.

The main façade of the building faces the river, and from this angle it looks like it has three floors, although in fact it has only two floors. The first floor looks like a closed gallery, the basement is framed with natural stone, the second floor is decorated with carved window frames made of white stone. In the center of the palace there is a platform with a gilded balustrade, on one side of which there is still a working clock, and on the other - hour bells. Near the main entrance is a vestibule with marble columns. Total length Kremlin Palace 125 m., its area - 25,000 sq. m., and the height is 47 m.

The palace complex includes about 700 rooms for various purposes, including 5 order halls, reception rooms of the Front Half, living quarters of the Own Half, service premises ground floor, entrance hall with front staircase.

You can talk endlessly about interiors and interior decoration. It is not for nothing that the palace is called the museum of Russian ceremonial interior. The palace is rightly called a museum of Russian palace interiors. The decoration is eclectic - from Renaissance elements to Byzantine style. At the same time, any of its elements strikes with subtlety, elegance and quality of work, original taste and quality of performance.

Each palace hall is a work of architecture and art in its own way, but true connoisseurs of architecture consider the St. George Hall to be the most majestic. It is in it that marble plaques of memory with the names of the military, awarded the most revered Russian award, the Order of St. George the Victorious. Among the awardees were such historical figures as Mikhail Kutuzov, Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Bagration. This sixty-meter white and gold hall, with huge bronze chandeliers, with powerful pylons, truly leaves an unforgettable impression. In addition, marble statues by the sculptor Ivan Vitali and bas-reliefs depicting St. George and the snake, by Pavel Kladsh, are located here. IN Russian history it is this hall that plays an important role - cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was welcomed here, here in 1945 the reception of participants in the Victory Parade took place.

The Vladimir Hall got its name in honor of the Order of St. Vladimir. The hall is made in the form of an octahedron, lined with pink marble and, in addition to a huge bronze chandelier, has additional lighting through the dome. From this hall you can get to the Terem Palace, the Pomegranate Chamber and many other rooms of the palace.

The Assembly Hall is the largest room in the palace complex. It appeared only in 1933 in connection with the unification of the Alexander and Andreevsky halls. Windows overlooking the Moscow River, 1615 sq. square meters, with a capacity of up to 3,000 visitors - made this hall in Soviet times the meeting place of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Catherine's Hall- a very cozy and beautiful room in the front half of the palace, which got its name in honor of the only female Russian order. In the past, it was the throne room of Russian empresses. Gilded chandeliers, gray moire walls, malachite pieces, fine crystal candelabra - everything here is of great historical and artistic value.

After the Catherine's Hall, you can get to the Front Room and the Front Bedchamber, which today are a real museum of the imperial life of the 19th century. A fireplace lined with jasper, columns made of greenish marble, heavy monolithic furniture - all this emphasizes the nobility of the decoration of the premises intended for high-ranking state officials.

The last room of the front half of the palace is the Walnut Wardrobe, which is decorated with walnut panels.

The private half of the palace with the living quarters of the emperor and his family located in it is also an example of sophistication and interior masterpiece. A mixture of baroque, rococo, classicism styles make the seven rooms of the Own Half a conceptual whole. The Emperor's office, the Empress's office, a bedroom, a boudoir, a dining room, a reception room, a living room - each room had its own decoration.

The dining room is decorated with artificial stone and statues of mythological heroes. In the rest of the rooms of this half of the palace, you can see a lot of porcelain items, unique chandeliers, furniture of soft shapes, curved outlines, a lot of huge mirrors, pompous inlay and stucco patterns, parquet and doors made of precious woods with unique patterns.

At present, the entire ensemble of the Grand Kremlin Palace, with the exception of the Armory, which is a museum, is the Residence of the President Russian Federation. It is here that important state meetings at the highest level, award ceremonies, and diplomatic receptions are held.

Video:

Not everyone has been there. Virtual tour of the Russian "Forbidden City".

Andreevsky Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace of the Moscow Kremlin. Imperial throne. via

On the site President of Russia kremlin.ru, signed "Administration of the President of the Russian Federation", where the first three sections are called: Russia. State. Putin(interestingly, is this a hint that Putin is president forever?), on the page Kremlin it says like this:

"The Kremlin is open! Welcome!
Getting into the Moscow Kremlin is not difficult. No one is forbidden.[...]" It seems to me that it is brilliantly said.

2.

Andreevsky front hall on a watercolor by Konstantin Andreevich Ukhtomsky, 1849. The decoration in the Russian-Byzantine style was designed by Fyodor Grigoryevich Solntsev. via

"But, no matter how many times you visit the Kremlin, no matter how well you get to know its sights, some places in the Kremlin will probably remain inaccessible to you. These are buildings and territories that are reserved for state institutions and services that ensure the activities of the President of Russia .

Help fill this gap virtual tour. It opens hitherto, unfortunately, objects closed to tourists, which are part of the Kremlin complex of the President's residence. Moreover, it opens - in a unique pictorial detail.

The Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace will appear before you in every detail - down to the inscriptions on the spines of books in the cabinets of the Presidential Library, and barely noticeable details of the ancient paintings of the Faceted Chamber. You will examine every stone, every piece of furniture, every monogram on high ceilings, every leaf in the Kremlin gardens as if you were in close proximity to them."

And according to the good old tradition: article from AD Russia magazine unchanged about the interior of the Grand Kremlin Palace:

We usually see the interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace only on TV - as a background of political events. We brought them to the fore.

Grand Kremlin Palace

The Grand Kremlin Palace has about seven hundred rooms. The main staircase made of Revel stone leads to the second floor to the five main order halls. Its walls are made of artificial marble (the columns are made of real marble), the interior is designed in the spirit of the Renaissance and allows you to appreciate the innovative construction solutions of Konstantin Ton, who blocked a large span with metal structures. Figured castings on the ceiling are made of cement - an innovative technique at the time of the construction of the palace.

3.

Vladimir Hall

The Vladimir Hall is one of the most unusual in the palace. In plan, it is a square with a side of sixteen meters, but niches arranged at the corners give it the appearance of an octahedron. The decor reproduces the colors of the Order of St. Vladimir. The hipped sixteen-sided vault is made up of hollow ceramic pots - to facilitate construction and improve acoustics. The hall is illuminated by overhead light through a special opening. The stairs lead to the old part of the complex - the Terem Palace.

4.

Andrew's Hall

Andreevsky Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace, built in 1849 by Konstantin Ton, in the 19th century was considered the main one in the suite of ceremonial rooms dedicated to the main orders of the Russian Empire. Andreevsky Hall, as its name implies, glorifies the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, the very first Russian order established by Peter I in 1699. Ten gilded pylons of the hall and gilded doors are decorated with chains and crosses from the symbols of the Order. At the end of the hall there are three throne places with an ermine canopy above them, above the windows are the coats of arms of the Russian provinces.

5.

Alexander Hall

The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, founded in 1725 by Catherine II, is dedicated to the Alexander Hall in the Grand Kremlin Palace. Its walls are lined with pink marble, the domed ceiling and the sailing vaults bearing it are covered with images of the order's emblems and stars.

6.

The same stars are woven on the backs of the chairs: the velvet of their upholstery is the same color as the sash. On the walls of the hall there are paintings from the life of Alexander Nevsky. This hall, like Andreevsky, was rebuilt in Soviet times and restored in the 1990s. Sometimes the hall is used for meetings of the State Council.

7.

St George's Hall

St. George's Hall - the first in the front suite of the Grand Palace. Its theme is the Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George, established by Catherine II in 1769. On the walls of the hall there are marble panels with the names of the knights of the order (golden chests with lists once stood along the southern wall of the room).

8.

The main motif of the decor is the order cross, on top of the columns there are statues - allegories of the lands and kingdoms that became part of Russia from the 15th to the 19th centuries. They were created by Ivan Vitali. In the photo below - carved doors leading from St. George's Hall to Alexander's.

9.

Anteroom

Anteroom - a small room leading from the main staircase to St. George's Hall. The central place on its light green walls is occupied by a painting by the famous French battle painter Adolphe Yvon, depicting the Battle of the Kulikovo Field (1850).

10.

Terem Palace

The holy vestibule is located in the oldest part of the Grand Kremlin Palace complex - the Terem Palace. It was built in 1635 by a team of Russian craftsmen - Bazhen Ogurtsov, Trefil Shaturin, Antip Konstantinov and Larion Ushakov. From the Red Porch overlooking the Cathedral Square, through the Holy Vestibule you can get to the Faceted Chamber and the Vladimir Hall.

11.

Faceted Chamber

The Faceted Chamber of the Terem Palace is the oldest building in the palace complex. It was built in 1491 by Italian architects Marco Ruffo and Piero Antonio Solari and served as the throne room for Tsar Ivan III. Zemsky Sobors and meetings of the Boyar Duma were held here, and foreign ambassadors were received. The walls of the chamber are decorated with paintings of the 16th century with religious subjects. In 1668 they were renovated by the painter Simon Ushakov with a team of craftsmen from Palekh.

12.

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The main building of the Cathedral Square of the Kremlin. It was built in 1479 by the Italian Aristotle Fioravanti. In 1547, it was here that the first Russian tsar, Ivan IV the Terrible, was crowned.

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Original article.

(average: 4,67 out of 5)

The Grand Kremlin Palace is one of the palaces of the Moscow Kremlin. Built in 1838-1849 by order of Emperor Nicholas I. Currently, the Grand Kremlin Palace is the main residence.

Let's walk through its halls.

Photos by Ilya Varlamov

As a boy, I loved to play in the Kremlin - to ride on the railings of marble stairs, to hide in the labyrinths of endless halls and corridors, to run along the red carpets. What we just didn’t do, and sat on thrones, and painted mustaches on statues ... there were golden times.

Then one regime was replaced by another and the locks were changed in the Kremlin. And then Borodin made a renovation in the Kremlin. Now there is no longer that Grand Kremlin Palace of my childhood, there is no longer St. Andrew's Hall, the imperial throne no longer causes that awe that 20 years ago. What kind of awe can we talk about when even the skins of stoats are now plastic?

Recently I came across an archive from an autumn walk around the palace ...

Alexander Hall got its name in honor of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, established by Catherine I in 1725.

One of the most ceremonial halls of the palace. It was named in honor of the Order of St. George the Victorious, approved by Catherine II in 1769 and became the highest military award of the Russian Empire.

On the walls of St. George's Hall there are golden stars and order bands with the motto "For Service and Courage".

Ventilation grilles:

Views from the balcony...

By personal order of Nicholas I, even during the construction of the palace, the hall was dedicated to the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Andrew's Hall became a throne room grand palace and the main imperial hall of the Moscow Kremlin. In 1932, it was turned into a meeting room where party congresses were held.

And I also don’t like that no one is allowed into the Kremlin and they are not allowed to take pictures ... It’s boring to wander here alone ...

Throne... Here I played king:

Plastic stoats... How could they?

The Faceted Chamber is an architectural monument in, one of the oldest civil buildings in Moscow. Built in 1487 - 1491 by decree of Ivan III by Italian architects:

Andreevsky Hall impresses with its luxury and beauty, expensive decoration. And this is not surprising - the kings and queens of Russia sat in it, it has its own history and its own individuality.

The photo of the Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin shows that a lot of work was invested in its construction.

Briefly about the main

St. Andrew's Throne Hall in the Kremlin was built by personal order of Nicholas I in honor of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. It became the throne room of a large palace and the main hall of the Moscow Kremlin. You can not even talk about the magnificent decoration of the room, which impresses everyone who enters, caused also by the fact that the walls of the hall are upholstered with moire fabric in the color of the St. Andrew's ribbon.

Hall Description

Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin is the most famous in the palace. The walls of this room are finished with pink artificial marble and gilded on top. Gilded chairs upholstered in velvet were lined up along them. Above the windows are the coats of arms of the Russian provinces.

Ten gilded pylons adorn the hall, as well as various symbols in the form of crosses and chains. Silk curtains are in perfect harmony with the rest of the decoration of the room. High gilded doors, decorated with order crosses, amaze the imagination. Above them are monograms of the names of the emperors of Russia - Peter the Great, Paul the First and Nicholas the First. Peter - as the founder of the order, Pavel - as the founder of the statute of the order, and Nikolai - as the builder of the hall.

At the far end of the hall are three chairs that were intended for the ruler, his wife and mother. This throne can still be seen in the Kremlin, upholstered in velvet and ermine fur. Above the throne hangs and above - a radiance with rays covered with gold leaf, in the center of which the All-Seeing Eye perched. Two-headed eagles with the image of the St. Andrew's Cross on the chest hang on the sides of the tent. Six steps lead to the tent. Earlier, back in Soviet times, there was a monument to Lenin at this place.

The floor, as in other halls, is made of multi-colored wood and delights all tourists with its beautiful pattern and the great work that has been invested in this work of art. It should be mentioned that the last restoration of the hall was carried out in 1994-1998, when it was restored in its original form. The architect of the Andreevsky Hall was Konstantin Ton.

History of the Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin

The main throne room was built in 1838-1849 by the architect Konstantin Ton. This master created temple architecture, which became widespread during the reign of Nicholas I. From 1932 to 1934 the hall was destroyed. In its place, meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were held. Restoration work began in 1997. The leaders of this project were the leading architects of that time S. V. Demidova and E. V. Stepanova. The architects have done a huge labor-intensive work with archival materials in Russia and abroad. Using past photographs of the hall, with the help of the latest technologies, they managed to restore the hall in full, to the smallest detail, as it was during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I.

We cannot fail to mention such a restorer of the highest category as V. A. Ageychenko, who was a sculptor, an artist, and an engineer all rolled into one. For the throne room, he reproduced the coat of arms of the Russian Empire in bronze. He also created the coats of arms of the Russian provinces, which are located above the windows of the Andreevsky Hall. The floors were also recreated by him. Thanks to this, the hall was restored to the smallest detail.

Experts found that for complete identity, twenty-three types of wood should be used to restore the floor. It was brought from all over the world, even from Africa, but they did not change anything, doing everything strictly in accordance with the drawings of the nineteenth century. In total, about ninety-nine firms participated in the restoration work.

The huge room was constantly filled with workers, about 2.5 thousand people worked day and night for the benefit of the people. Some ornaments were not obtained immediately, for example, a double-headed eagle. The craftsmen first made a copper-colored eagle. After the establishment, the commission went to the opposite bank of the river to evaluate the result obtained from afar. They didn't like it because the eagle looked like a black spider. Therefore, we decided to make an eagle the color of "wild stone".

In the Andreevsky Hall, as in other rooms of the palace, various events, including a reception in honor of graduates of military universities. This tradition was started by President Yeltsin in 1999 and continues to this day.

Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin before and after the revolution

In October-November 1917, due to an armed uprising, the Kremlin was seriously damaged, there were detachments of junkers in it. The troops of the revolutionaries carried out artillery shelling of the Kremlin. As a result, the walls of the palace, the clock, Nikolskaya, almost all the churches located on the territory of the Kremlin, and the Small Nikolaevsky Palace were damaged.

During the Soviet era, the capital moved to Moscow, and the Kremlin began to be used as a political center. In March 1918, the Soviet government moved into the building with V. I. Lenin. The leaders of the Soviet power began to live in the palaces and buildings of the Kremlin. Free access to the building was prohibited. Although earlier anyone could visit this famous place. The Petrograd Collegium for the Protection of Antiquities and Art Treasures tried to survive the Soviet government from the Kremlin. Their appeal was not even considered by the authorities. Before the revolution, there were three thrones in the hall. Later they were searched all over Russia. The first throne was found in Peterhof, the other two - in Gatchina. The Leningrad Museum did not want to give away the chairs, so they had to make copies.

During the Soviet era, the Moscow Kremlin was badly damaged. By order of Lenin in 1918, the monument to Prince Sergei Alexandrovich was demolished. In the same year, the memorial to Alexander II, which was built during the time of Nicholas the First, was also liquidated. In 1922, about 300 poods of silver, about 2 poods of gold, and a huge amount of precious stones were seized from church cathedrals and temples. Congresses of councils and congresses of the Third International began to be held in the Kremlin, a kitchen settled in the Golden Chamber, and a public dining room was made in the Granovitaya. In the Catherine's Church, they decided to arrange a sports hall. Such disrespect for an architectural work of art could not but be reflected in its original appearance. It is believed that at that time the Kremlin lost more than half of its sights.

In 1990, the Kremlin was included in the list world heritage UNESCO.

All-seeing eye

Above the thrones is the All-Seeing Eye (in the Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin), made of gold. The throne room was erected in honor of the highest order of Russia - the Masonic order. Some believe that the All-Seeing Eye means God in Christianity (in Hebrew, "master of the horde" is translated, one of the seventy-two secret names of the Jewish Lord God).

This sign is used in many Christian churches, in Freemasonry. One dollar bills also feature the All-Seeing Eye. Others believe that this biblical sign is a symbol of Divine Providence and the emblem of the Trinity. In Christianity, the All-Seeing Eye in a triangle means the Trinity and the meaning lies in these words: "Behold, the eye of the Lord is over those who fear Him and trust in His mercy."

Excursion to the Kremlin

In Russia, the Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin, like other halls, is often visited by tourists. The palace is a specially protected area. Nothing extra can be brought to the Kremlin. It is forbidden to come drunk, in an inappropriate appearance, with a weapon that is dangerous to the surrounding people. If there are things that cannot be carried, then they must be handed over to the storage room in the Alexander Garden. You can also take pictures not everywhere, but only where it is allowed and where your guide will indicate. For example, it is forbidden to photograph the Catherine Hall of the Kremlin.

Sometimes it is forbidden to take pictures in the Front Hall, the Terem Palace and the Palace of Facets. Entrance to the Kremlin is allowed with a passport, children from the age of twelve can come with a passport. True, from the age of fourteen, children can attend excursions with a Russian passport. Since the halls of the Kremlin are used for official events, some other celebrations, it is possible that your tour can be rescheduled for a more suitable time for the palace.

Tour time

A tour of the Andreevsky Hall of the Kremlin is held every day, except for Thursday - this is a day off. From ten in the morning to three in the afternoon. The duration of the tour is two hours for groups of twenty people. The cost of such an excursion is 4,500 rubles, for foreign tourists - 5,500 rubles without the use of an interpreter.

During the restoration work, the Italian master was afraid that the workers would do the modeling incorrectly, so he slept for four days on the floor in the Andreevsky Hall.

Catherine the Second also wanted to build a palace on the southern slope of the Kremlin Hill, instead of a fortress wall, but her plans did not materialize.