MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL CENTER INSTITUTION ADDITIONAL CHILDREN'S EDUCATION

"CENTER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH TOURISM AND EXCURSIONS" BRYANSK

LESSON SUMMARY ON THE TOPIC:

DEVELOPED: teacher

additional education

Stasishina N.V.

G. Bryansk - 2015 year

Lesson summary on the topic

“Bivouac.” Organization of bivouac work."

Target classes: Contribute to the formation of skills and abilities necessary for choice

bivouac in field conditions.

Lesson objectives:

- familiarize children with the concept of a bivouac, the requirements for a bivouac;

Formation of skills in bivouac work;

Develop skills in teamwork and joint search for solutions;

Promote the development of logical thinking, memory and

students' attention;

Equipment:

Poster with bivouac.

Type of lesson: combined.

Literature: 1. Bardin K. - “The ABCs of Tourism”, - M.: Education, 1981.

2. Verba I.A., Golitsin S.M., Kulikov V.M., Ryabov E.G., - “Tourism at school” - M.;

3. Korobeinikov N.K., Mikheev A.A., Nikolenko I.G., - “Physical education”, -

Publishing house "Higher School", - M.; 1989

4. Kravchenko I.A., Maleeva I.A., “Memo to the leader of the campaign,” - Regional

children's excursion and tourist station, - Bryansk 1963

5. Kulikov V.M., Rotshtein L.M., - “School of tourist leaders”, - M., 1997.

6. Ryzhavsky G.Ya., - “Bivouacs”, - M.; CDYUT, 1985

7. “Tourist Encyclopedia” - M., 1993

Lesson plan

Preparatory part. (3)

New topic explained: (30)

Presentation of new information;

Practical work with didactic material. 4. Consolidation of the studied material. (8)

5. Summing up the lesson. (2)

6. Organizational moment. (2)

Progress of the lesson

1. Preparatory part:

Students take their places at their desks, prepare writing materials.

The teacher announces the topic, goals and objectives of the lesson, explains the requirements and plan of the lesson, checks the emotional state, offering to draw a face on the cards.

Note

to be ready for

occupation, uniform

clothes for those involved.

Draw their mood at the beginning of the lesson.

2. Testing knowledge on previous

topic:

Before we begin our review

New material, we must remember what topic we covered in the last lesson.

Answer: Setting up a tent. Stowing things in it.

To test your knowledge, I suggest you answer a number of my questions.

1. What equipment do you need to put up a tent?

Answer: Tent, tent awning, set of pegs 10 -12 pcs., stands.

2. What is the purpose of the tent?

Answer: The tent is used by tourists for sleeping, relaxing and sheltering from

bad weather.

3. What designs are tents divided into?

Answer: According to their design, tents are divided into frame,

semi-frame and frameless.

4. What are your steps for setting up a tent?

Answer: First, the bottom is stretched and secured at the corners.

pegs. Then the racks are assembled and the ridge is installed

and pull it on. The side slopes of the tent are stretched.

5. What are the requirements for a tent?

Answer: light weight, waterproof, good thermal insulation, wind resistance, quick installation and disassembly, comfort, durability, easy to carry in a backpack, protection from midges.

6. What is the purpose of the tent awning?

Answer: protects from wet weather.

3. Explanation of a new topic:

Statement of new information:

Today in class we will look at a new topic:

"Bivouac. Organization of bivouac work."

Bivouac– this is a place of accommodation (parking) of a tourist group for an overnight stay or rest. Bivouac– this is the house in which we live during the hike.

The day is approaching evening, it's time to think about spending the night. You should stop for the night no later than 1.5-2 hours before dark. The last trek before spending the night does not have to last 40-45 minutes.

BIVACK REQUIREMENTS:

Safety.

It is forbidden:- choose a location near populated areas, big roads, oil storage facilities, gas pipelines, under power lines; in the area of ​​apiaries, clusters of anthills, in damp lowlands where there may be snakes;

2. Water– you can’t do without it at the bivouac, it must be clean, flowing, not leaking from settlement. Ideal - if this

Write the topic of the lesson on the board.

Students write down in their notebooks.

spring. When stopping on a river along which there are settlements, the bivouac should be set up upstream from the village, watering places and fords.

3. Firewood: There should be enough fuel at the bivouac (dead wood, fallen dry trees), preferably coniferous trees.

4. Place should be flat, dry, comfortable, early illuminated by the sun (eastern slopes of a hill, eastern edge of a forest, river bank, etc.). Here the dew on the grass and tents dries out faster. It is better to choose a place to spend the night in a sparse coniferous forest, where the soil is covered with fallen dry pine needles, and tree branches cannot catch fire from a fire. It is good if the place is protected from the wind by dense thickets.

5. When choosing a bivouac site, you need to think: "What if…"

A) there will be a thunderstorm at night;

b) strong wind;

c) heavy rain;

6. The bivouac site should be dry, comfortable, and beautiful.

Planning a bivouac.

Setting up a bivouac also has its own requirements, which must be observed if possible, especially if the bivouac is planned not for one night, but for two or even three.

The tent, kitchen, place for firewood, etc. should be located compactly. Tents are placed on a dry, elevated, well-ventilated place to avoid mosquitoes. The place where the tents will be installed is first cleared of stones, branches, and pine cones. When it is windy, tents are placed so that the wind blows against the back wall. The tents are located closer to each other - with all exits to the fire, at a safe distance from it (at least 5 meters). It is advisable to orient the entrances to the tents towards open place– the edge of a forest, a river, a lake – preferably to the east or south.

The fire should be placed so that there is no danger of tree branches, dead wood, bushes, or dry grass catching fire.

The orderly must examine the surroundings of the camp and choose secluded places at a distance of 70-100m from its center - in dense thickets, or even better, in shallow dry ravines. In addition, the orderly must find a natural depression or dig a hole away from the fire and tents where waste will be dumped - leftover food, cans, and other garbage.

On the watercourse that the group will use, the person on duty at the bivouac must mark three places: the one upstream - for taking water to the kitchen, below - for washing and washing feet and

even lower - for washing dishes and washing equipment. On mountain rivers with very fast flows, such a layout does not make sense.

Organization of bivouac work The manager must think in advance, while moving along the route, so that the maximum possible number of tasks are carried out in parallel, that is, simultaneously.

If the weather is favorable, the first priority will be to collect firewood and make a fire, and only then, when enough firewood has been collected and

Write it down in your notebook.

Write it down in your notebook.

Write it down in your notebook.

enough not only for the evening, but also for preparing breakfast, the installation of tents begins. If the sky threatens rain or it is already starting, you need to quickly set up tents, cover your backpacks in them, and then everyone should go get firewood.

Upon arrival at the bivouac, the group is given 5-10 minutes to rest. At this time, the participants take out from their backpacks everything that the kitchen staff needs: buckets, a shopping bag, food, axes, a saw. The person on duty at the bivouac determines the order of work, distributes work orders, indicates where to put branches, where there will be a fire and places for tents.

Everyone goes for the firewood, except for the cooks on duty, the fireman and the person in charge of the bivouac, who monitors the progress of the work, notes who is working, how, and decides whether there is not enough wood yet or whether enough firewood has already been brought. The team on duty in the kitchen at this time is laying out their household items, setting up a fire, preparing kindling, bringing water, etc.

And only after the fire has enough firewood to cook dinner, half of the group can be left in the camp to set up tents, while the rest continue to prepare firewood for the evening fire and prepare breakfast.

All bivouac work must be completed before dinner, in the morning - before breakfast.

Rolling up the bivouac.

In the morning, before packing the backpacks, the food manager warns who is giving what foods for lunch, so that they are not put away in the depths of the backpack.

The work of setting up and collapsing the bivouac, including cooking and eating food, should not take more than 2 hours. It all depends on the clarity and coherence of the work.

Those on duty are raised 1.5-2 hours before the general rise. In the evening, they must prepare everything for the morning work: clean dishes, buckets of water, and get all the necessary products from the caretaker. We must not forget such “little things” as salt, matches, knives, dry kindling, etc. They put all this in their tent. They rise quietly and work quietly so as not to wake up their comrades. They should remember to cover the firewood in the evening so that they do not get wet in case of rain.

While those on duty are preparing breakfast, the rest, after getting up, cleaning the area, and exercising, collect their backpacks and take down their tents. After breakfast, the new attendants clean the pots, and during this time the old shift manages to pack their backpacks. That is why it is better to transfer duty after breakfast. The new shift of duty also takes care of the fire (fills it with water, lays turf).

The leader announces exit time. You need to dry things in the evening away from the fire, and dry them in the morning in the wind and sun.

Tourists should learn the rule from the first time they go on a hike: “the resting place must be cleaned perfectly”:

Lay the fire pit with removed turf and water it;

Cans (pre-fired) and other trash

bury;

Everything that burns (paper, wood chips, etc.) should be burned;

Place the remaining firewood carefully under the tree - with them

will be used by other tourists;

The bivouac has been rolled up. The fire is extinguished. The commander or one of the guys assigned to him quickly checks the place to see if everything is done, cleaned, and nothing is lost.

Write it down in your notebook.

4. Consolidation of new material.

To check how well you have learned

Today's material, I suggest each team make up two questions.

What topic did we cover in class?

Answer: Bivouac. Organization of bivouac work.

2. What is a bivouac?

Answer: Bivouac– this is a place of accommodation (parking) of a tourist

groups for overnight stay and rest.

3. List the requirements for a bivouac?

Answer: availability of water, firewood, security, location.

4. How and at what distance are tents set up?

Answer: The tents are located closer to each other - by all

exits to the fire, at a distance of no closer than 5 meters.

5. What if there is a thunderstorm at night?

Answer: this means that you cannot set up a bivouac near lonely trees, on the top of a hill, in order to avoid the danger of being struck by lightning during a thunderstorm;

6. What if it rains heavily?

Answer: this means we need to set up camp some distance from the river, on an elevated area, so that the rising water level does not wet us.

7. What if there is a strong wind?

Answer: this means you cannot set up a bivouac next to dead, leaning, chopped or rotten trees that could collapse;

8. What time should all bivouac work be completed?

Answer: All bivouac work must be completed before dinner, in the morning -

before breakfast.

Pay attention to the correct answers.

5. Summing up the lesson.

The teacher draws conclusions, evaluates the activities of the students, diagnoses the mood, and gives instructions for the next lesson.

Evaluate the work of each student.

Sketch the mood for the end of the lesson.

6. Organizational moment.

The teacher tells further plans for the coming week.

• Most of the time on a hike is spent moving and sleeping. The less time it takes to set up a bivouac, the more time is left for everything else.
• The completeness of the group’s vacation depends on the choice of place to spend the night, its convenience and safety.
• You need to be able to quickly and efficiently set up a camp in order to spend the night in comfortable conditions.

Mastering the technique of bivouac work occupies a special place in the preparation of a tourist. The group needs to learn to spend one and a half to two hours on morning and evening bivouac work in order to make the most of the already short daylight hours.

A group that is not able to quickly set up camp and quickly assemble lives according to the principle “We’ll go out when we can, we’ll come wherever we can.”. This is unacceptable for a hike. A competent and trained group uses the principle “We’ll go out when we plan, we’ll come where we need to go.”. And this allows you to complete all the tasks of the hike.

It is extremely important to follow the following rules when setting up camp:

• clear organization and discipline. Each participant must know their responsibilities and immediately begin to fulfill them. The group commander must monitor what the participants are doing and, if necessary, give clear tasks. Assignments must be given to a specific person. When one person is given several tasks at once, the order of execution must be indicated. Healthy
• wide scope of work. The maximum possible number of tasks should be performed in parallel. At the same time, it is necessary to highlight priority cases and use the strongest participants there.
• look for a job. If a person has completed the task assigned to him, he must help the others. Work should end as soon as possible for everyone.
• DO NOT BE LAZY. This is the main rule winter tourism at all. It means that All group members must take an active part in setting up the camp and help their comrades without reminders. Until the work is completed, participants have no right to mind their personal affairs, warm themselves by the fire or sit in a tent. This rule should become a habit, only then can a person consider himself a real tourist.

Choosing a bivouac site

The choice of parking or overnight accommodation is entirely the prerogative of the commander. As a rule, when planning a route, he must outline parking spots, choosing the most convenient points for this. A lot can be seen on the map, something can be gleaned from reports or conversations with those who have already visited the area. During a campaign, the decision about when and where exactly to set up camp is also made by the commander.

When choosing a location for future parking, the following factors are taken into account:

• safety. In mountainous areas the real danger may be:
  • snow. You should not camp in an avalanche zone.
  • weather. For camping, you need to choose places sheltered from the wind: forest, folds of terrain, etc.
  • rockfalls. IN winter time The danger of rocks is weak, but you still shouldn’t set up camp near steep cliffs.
  • proximity to housing. Often contacts with local residents do not bring joy and can even be dangerous. Also, in the vicinity of housing, you can be harmed by animals (livestock run, dogs can eat food, etc.)
  • falling trees. When setting up a camp in a forest area, you need to make sure that there are no sushi near the tent that are ready to fall. In strong winds, one of them may fall on the tent. In addition, you need to be careful when preparing firewood: if a piece of wood can fall on the tent, in 95% of cases it will definitely fall on it. (in the remaining 5% it will fall on the one who knocks it down)))
• availability of firewood. Firewood is the main thing needed to set up a comfortable camp in winter. Often in the evening the group literally walks “to the first dry land.” Coniferous tree species are best suited: spruce, fir, pine, larch. The sushina must be completely dry. For an ordinary group, one large Christmas tree is enough for an overnight stay.
• availability of water. Even though there is snow everywhere in winter, it is still preferable to stand where it is possible to get liquid water. This makes cooking much faster and more convenient. Even if a river or stream is frozen, there is a chance to get to the water. Or use crushed ice, which is still better than snow.
• convenience of place. This is a complex indicator that the commander determines based on his subjective considerations. It is, of course, better to set up a camp not on a steep slope, but on level ground. It’s good if you don’t have to go far for water and firewood.
• aesthetics of the place. When you have a choice, it's best to stand beautiful place with nice views all around. After all, people go on hikes not only to track snow...

Tent work

The camp cannot be called equipped until the following work is completed:

• firewood preparation. It is best to select, fell and cut up sushi in daylight. Therefore, logging is a top priority. When choosing sushi you need to evaluate:
  • size. Too big may be too much for you; thin “matches” are of little use.
  • dryness. If the bark peels off, great. Rotten ones are not suitable.
  • slope and proximity of other trees. We need to figure out whether it will be possible to drop the tree where it needs to be. It's good if there is enough space around. It is very difficult to pull off a “dangling” dryer.
  • ease of transportation. It is better if you carry firewood close to the camp and in a straight line than far away and through a couple of ravines.

Once the tree has been selected, you need to properly fell it. You should start by preparing the workplace: trample the area, remove branches, etc., figure out where to bounce. Then a notch is made and a hem is made on that side. Where you are going to put the sushi. You should try to cut through about 2/3 until the saw starts to clamp. (Usually sushi is cut in the direction of its natural slope.) After this, a second cut is made on the opposite side 10-15 cm higher than the first. When the tree “goes”, it makes sense to help it fall in the direction you want. When the sushina is felled, the branches are cut off and the trunk is sawed into logs, which are carried to the camp, sawed into logs and split into logs for the stove and fire. The length of the logs should be such that they fit into the stove. It’s better to chop it smaller so that there are no problems with lighting the stove. It is convenient to chop on the stump of a fallen tree or on a massive log dug into the snow.

• tent tent installation. Under the tent you need to trample a sufficiently large area in the snow. First with skis, then with legs. Let it “cool” so that the snow sets. After this, they spread out the tent, correctly oriented the wind edge and the exit, insert a pre-prepared Central Committee (from a thin tree or from tied skis) inside and stretch the guys. Don't forget about the awning. After this, polyethylene, rugs and sleeping bags are laid inside.
• stove installation. A specially appointed stove builder assembles and installs the stove. It starts to melt her.
• wind wall construction. Bricks are cut from the snow and a wall is built as high as the edge of the palaka or higher. This is especially true when spending the night in open spaces.
• fire pit or mesh. The person on duty determines where he will cook. If there is no net or there is little snow, dig a hole to the ground. A fire is built in it and a rope is hung over the fire. The duty officer’s task is to drive everyone away from the fire, so that they don’t sit, but get busy. It can also be useful to tap the trees around the fire so that snow does not fall from them.
• water. If possible, it is better to get water rather than melt the snow. You need to cut a hole in the ice with an ax in order to collect it with a mug or can. Care must be taken not to fall through.
• setting up a communal fire. Usually everyone sits in a tent, so there is no fire outside. But if there is a desire, then why not? You need to prepare more wood for the fire. Around the fire there are “sofas” for sitting - the so-called “pentagon”. It is better to clear the snow around the fire, otherwise it will melt and turn into a swamp. It is also good to pre-tap the surrounding trees from snow.
• toilet. Determine the place where to walk “behind the bend”. They usually use the path trodden by those who carried firewood.

Duty roster

The responsibilities of the duty officer include lighting a fire, preparing food and delivering it to the tent, as well as lighting the stove in the morning, if night duty is not practiced (see below).

In addition to regular duty, night duty at the stove is also arranged. All members of the team, except for the morning man on duty, take turns watching the stove for several hours and maintaining the fire to keep the tent warm.

• making a fire. Not an easy task, especially in bad weather and with lousy wood. You need to prepare kindling, chop a splinter, apply plex.
• collect groceries for dinner and the morning. This must be done so as not to wake people up in the morning.
• prepare and serve dinner. While the person on duty outside is busy around the fire, the other participants can help him share food, etc.
• prepare water in the evening. To avoid wasting time in the morning, water is prepared in the evening. You can even soak cereal in it.

Removing the camp

Breaking up camp, cooking, breakfast, and packing backpacks should take about the same amount of time as evening bivouac work. The principles here are the same as when setting up a camp. The participants who have already gathered must help the others. For example, roll up the tent, remove the rope, etc. You need to quickly empty the tent of things. You also need to make sure that after you leave, the parking area returns to the same form it was in before you arrived.

If the weather is bad, many people go out into nature for a few days. And in this case, you can’t do without setting up a camp. This must be approached responsibly, since an incorrectly positioned tent or fireplace can ruin even the most carefully planned vacation.

Photo by Maxim VECHER

We put up a tent

The tent must be set up on level ground. If there is a slight slope, it must be placed in such a way that the legs of the person sleeping in it are lower than the head. Otherwise, a fun night is guaranteed: you will slide onto your neighbor or wake up with a severe headache.

Check the quality of the soil. It is not so easy to insert guy ropes into the dense interweaving of tree roots. In loose sand, on the contrary, the pegs do not hold well, and a sharp gust of wind can blow down the tent.

The site should be located on a hill so that during rain the tent does not flood with water. That is why you should not camp on low islands, no matter how picturesque the place looks. In this case, each tent should be dug in a shallow ditch. The area should be well ventilated and dry.

Carefully inspect the chosen location. There should be no anthills or ant trails. Remove twigs and cones so as not to feel like the “Princess and the Pea”.

The optimal distance between tents is 2-3 meters, the main thing is that there is enough space for stretching. It is best to place tents in a row or in the letter L - the camp will be a single whole, and the tents will protect each other from the wind.

You cannot place tents closer than 100 m from power lines, or closer than 50 m from roads.

If the picnic continues for several days, it is worth setting aside a separate tent for storing food.

Where to make a fire

The fire pit should be located as far as possible from the tents. Modern awnings, made of synthetic materials, are light and compact, but are easily burned by sparks. Determine the direction of the wind ahead of time so that the smoke from the fire goes away from your home.

Bonfire is the main cause of fires in forests, so there are a number of restrictions here. In particular, you cannot light a fire under the crowns of trees, in places with dry grass, on windbreaks and old burnt forests, in young coniferous forests, and on peat bogs. The fireplace should be ringed with a mineralized strip at least 0.5 m wide, or even better, fence it with stones.

You cannot leave a fire unattended. After folding the bivouac, the coals must be carefully extinguished - poured with water or covered with sand.

If possible, an awning should be stretched over the entire fire area at an angle so that it protects the fire not only from moisture, but also from the wind.

Beauty and purity

Having a stream or river nearby can greatly simplify the process of cooking and washing dishes. However, to locate the “washing” zone in close proximity from a water source is not allowed. After all, you will probably use household chemicals for the best effect. Any detergents, including ordinary laundry soap, can cause great harm to the stream.

Often lovers of outdoor recreation prepare a waste pit in advance. Don't do this! The plastic from which disposable tableware, bottles and other utensils of this kind are made takes decades to decompose. It’s better to hang a garbage bag on a tree and put all waste in it. When leaving, do not forget to take this bag with you to throw it in the nearest container.

Paper waste can be burned in a fire. Metal cans can be buried at the bivouac site, but first they must be thoroughly burned in a fire. Burnt metal quickly decomposes.

But glass, although it does not cause any particular harm to nature, should under no circumstances be left in the parking lot. First of all, it's dangerous - someone could get seriously cut. Secondly, glass practically does not decompose, remaining in the ground for thousands of years.

Discreet place

Any more or less long stay requires the installation of a toilet. The site for it should be chosen at a distance from the bivouac among dense vegetation. The soil on the sanitary site must be loose so that it is possible to dig a hole at least 30 cm deep. In addition, this area should be located away from a river or stream, preferably in a lowland.

Photo by Anatoly DRIBAS

Usually, a film or awning is stretched over the place where the toilet is installed to protect it from rain. You can build improvised walls from branches or from the same film. By the way, experienced tourists hang a bright flag on a tree branch a few meters from the toilet. If it is down, it means the space is free.

Before leaving, be sure to bury the hole and mark it with stones so that other tourists know not to dig here.

STAY IN TOUCH

Do not set up camp near isolated trees. During a thunderstorm, there is a high probability of “catching” lightning. Single trees are also the most vulnerable to the wind: at any moment the trunk can fall into a resting place. Avoid pitching your tent under large trees with long branches. Even a small branch falling from an impressive height can easily break a tent or injure campers.

Find a place well protected from wind and direct sunlight. The site can be arranged under a hill, in a clearing among a dense forest. However, do not camp in low areas. Firstly, this is where the dank fog will accumulate in the morning hours. Secondly, if there is heavy rain, all the water will flow into the lowland. In addition, in ravines hidden from the sun's rays there is the coldest air.

If possible, look for a place near a stream or on the bank of a river - a source of water, which you will probably need for washing dishes and other needs. However, you should not pitch tents at the very edge of the water.

You need to start setting up camp a few hours before dusk, so that you have time to cope with all your affairs and completely arrange the camp without haste and fuss.

NATURE FORECAST

We are used to trusting weather forecasters, but the weather is a capricious lady. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to learn to recognize some natural “bells” signaling imminent changes.

If the flowers of acacia, honeysuckle, currant, and lilac begin to smell strongly, wait for rain in 15-20 minutes.

The “crying” of the calliper, arrowhead, and calabash means that in 2-3 hours inclement weather will set in.

The flowers of daisy, mallow, buttercup, calendula, field bindweed, and dandelion begin to curl 2-5 hours before the rain.

White slumber flowers begin to smell fragrant 9-12 hours before rain.

The grasshoppers and crickets stopped chirping, and the butterflies hid in shelters - there will be a thunderstorm in 1-3 hours.

If jackdaws and crows begin to scream, fly in flocks, and dive down with stones, rain will begin to pour in 1-3 hours.

Tourists must be able to find a safe and comfortable place to relax, quickly set up a tent, and if there is none, build a temporary shelter, and light a fire in any weather.

For each bivouac, choose a flat, dry place protected from the wind, near which there is firewood and water.

For a lunch break you need to sit in the shade, for the night - on a flat area with soft soil.

In the mountains, the camp should not be located where there may be rockfalls, avalanches, landslides, mud flows (mudflows), where there may be flooding by a mountain river. Before choosing a place for bivouac, they look to see if there are recently fallen (lighter) stones nearby, and move away from high rocks where rockfalls are possible. You should not camp on the moraine; if there is no other way out, you need to choose a flat, not steep area and check whether the stones from the top of the moraine will roll to where you plan to put up the tents. Sometimes you have to level the area for a tent.

You cannot set up a bivouac in a dry bed of a mountain river or on shallows near the water itself, since at night rain for several hours, and sometimes tens of minutes, can sharply raise the water level or cause a mud flow.

In the taiga, you should not camp in dense bushes or coniferous thickets due to the risk of forest fire and mosquitoes. We must ensure that there are no dry, rotten trees nearby that could be blown over by the wind. It is better to choose a place to spend the night in a sparse coniferous forest, where the soil is covered with fallen dry pine needles, and tree branches cannot catch fire from a fire.

Rice. 66. Methods of securing a tent

In the steppe, parking is made behind a hillock, in a ravine, to shelter from the wind. In northern tundra regions, drier areas can be found on river terraces, rocky or sandy soil elevations.

Near the river (during a water trip), the camp should be set up not far from the water, preferably on the shore, illuminated by the sun in the morning.

The site for the night bivouac begins to be looked after 15-20 minutes before the stop. All participants carry out the work of organizing it: one or two light a fire, bring water and start cooking, others collect firewood for the evening and morning, set up tents, and place things in them. Some of the backpacks and food that do not fit in the tent are put in one place and, in case of rain at night, carefully covered with raincoats or waterproof material. Things should not be scattered throughout the camp to avoid them being lost in stones, grass or sand. Axes are always stored in the same place.

For the tent, choose a flat area without hummocks, holes and stumps, remove all knots and stones. The platform must be horizontal: even a slight slope will interfere with normal rest. If the tent is placed next to trees, you can tie guy ropes to some of them (Fig. 66).

Dry leaves, small dry twigs, grass, ferns, reeds or moss are placed under the floor of the tent, and when sleeping on snow and ice, ropes, empty backpacks, and windbreakers are placed on the floor inside the tent. As already mentioned, rugs made from sticks are good.

Having unfolded the tent, they stretch the floor between pegs driven into the ground. Then the poles are placed - either exactly at the height of the tent (then they are installed inside), or above the tent (then they are placed 30-40 cm from it) - and the main guys are pulled.

Before tightening the roof braces, fasten the entrance. Pegs for corner braces are driven in so that the ropes are like a continuation of the diagonals of the rectangles of the roof slopes. After all the pegs are hammered in, they adjust the length of the guy ropes, and sometimes change the location of the pegs, ensuring that there is not a single fold on the roof panels and at the same time, the tension force of the ropes does not tear the fabric.

The pegs are driven in with the butt of an ax at an angle of 45° to the ground. To set up a tent you need 10 pegs (preferably metal) 20-25 cm long and 2 poles. Both should be prepared in advance and carried along with the tent (the poles are folding). Instead of racks, you can use alpenstocks or 2 ice axes connected to each other with auxiliary ropes.

In the mountains, before setting up the tent, guy lines are tied to large stones and the stones are moved to the desired place to regulate the tension of the ropes. In the forest, guy ropes are secured to trees, and the floor is stretched between the pegs last. The main guys must be tied to the trees at such a height that the side walls of the tent do not raise the floor, but also do not sag.

In rainy weather, to protect against water flowing from the roof of the tent, you can dig a ditch around it, 8-10 cm deep and wide, with a groove that drains water along the slope of the area.

The back wall of the tent is positioned towards the wind. After sunset, the entrance to the tent should be closed so that things do not become damp when dew falls. When it rains, you must not touch the roof, otherwise it will get wet. Warm clothes (padded jackets, blankets, etc.) are placed on the floor, and backpacks with soft things are placed under the head. Pockets on the side and back walls of the tent contain electric flashlights, safety glasses, toiletries, compasses, etc. Axes in a case can be placed under the floor of the tent at the “entrance”, and boots inside it at the “exit”.

If you don’t have a tent (on a one-day hike), you can spend the night under a piece of tarpaulin or polyethylene, using branches to build a lean-to or gable awning. You can make an inclined barrier out of blankets and light a long fire in front of it at a distance of 2-2.5 m from the tourists lying under the barrier.

Comments:

Message from: Belieber
Everything is fine, but... Literacy is zero. And stupid mistakes! -. —

budetinteresno.info

So, we are in nature, in a fighting mood and a new tent and ready to set it up) Where to start? Before setting up the tent, you should find a level, dry and easily ventilated place. Clear it of foreign objects - cones, twigs, stones, which can not only disturb your sleep, causing inconvenience, but also damage the bottom of the tent. There should be no hummocks, mounds, or protruding tree roots on the ground.

Be careful with anthills - such a neighborhood is unlikely to bring joy. It should be taken into account that dense trees will prevent the tent from drying and ventilating, however, if installed in the open rays of the sun, the tent will heat up during the day.

The golden mean is important here. When choosing a place for a tent, you need to remember that if it rains, you don’t want to end up in a puddle of water rushing down the slope. Ultraviolet rays negatively affect the PU coating, so place the tent in the shade if possible. If during the day the tent will be exposed to the scorching rays of the sun, cover it with an awning.

For safety reasons when camping, the tent should not be placed too close to the fire, because even a small spark can damage it, the same applies to hot objects that, in contact with the material, can easily burn a hole. At the same time, do not forget that appropriate place must be found, not created, there is no need to destroy vegetation and level the terrain within a radius of several meters, it is better to just look for a more convenient place;)

The diagram will help you set up the tent; if you strictly follow the instructions and follow the sequence of work, there will be no problems. It is best to familiarize yourself with the design of the tent at home, so you will not get confused in its assembly, and at the same time check whether all the necessary components of the tent (arcs, pegs, awning) are in place.

You need to stretch the surface of the tent without distortions, evenly with all stretch marks, avoiding folds and kinks, which can lead to fraying of the fabric. When installing, make sure that there is no contact between the awning and the inner tent, otherwise condensation from the inside of the awning will end up inside the tent itself. The pegs are stuck into the ground at an angle of approximately 45°, at? length, otherwise they may warp or jump out from tension.

When going inside the tent, leave dirty shoes and wet outerwear either outside or in the dressing room. Do not smoke inside or use open flames. Even if everything goes well, there will be traces of burning on the inner surface. When assembling the tent, do not forget to shake it out and remove all foreign objects.

When assembling the arcs, pay attention to the joints of the tubes - there should be no gaps between the elements. It is better to start dismantling the arcs from the middle and fold them in pairs. This will not only extend the life of the elastic due to uniform stretching, but will also make disassembly easier - it will be faster and require less space.

It is advisable to fold the tent in different ways each time so that there are no permanent folds in the fabric, otherwise over the years the permanent folds in the fabric will wear out.

Caring for a tent at home

Before taking a new tent with you on a hike, it is advisable to assemble it at home in order to become familiar with the method of assembling it in comfortable and familiar conditions. At the same time, you will check whether all the necessary components of the tent (such as poles, pegs, awning) are in place.
THE MOST IMPORTANT RULE: the tent must be stored DRY! If you store your tent in a wet or damp condition, be prepared for mold to form on it.

Every time after a hike, you need to reassemble the tent at home and make sure that it is well dried. If moisture is present, leave the disassembled tent in a well-ventilated area until it is completely dry. Let us note once again that you should not leave the tent in direct sunlight.
If you have such an opportunity, it is better to store the tent without a packing bag. Do not store the tent in damp basements or in hot attics.

Don't forget that not only the inner tent must be dry, but also the awning. If you are caught in the rain while assembling your tent, and you have no choice but to fold the wet awning, try to set aside time during the day to dry it. Ideally, after sunset.
Caring for a tent in the field

The biggest enemy of a tent is humidity. The tent must be stored DRY. Therefore, if the weather permits, dry the tent thoroughly before assembling and packing. If this is not possible, be sure to dry it at home immediately upon your return.
It is not advisable to roll up tents that have not been dried out tightly. In a humid environment, the PU coating in folds and folds may come off, and the water resistance of the tent in these places will be lost.

Protect the tent from prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
Remove contaminants in a timely manner; they lead to rotting of the material. Zippers should not become clogged with dirt.
Under NO circumstances should you wash the awning in the washing machine! Otherwise, there is a risk of snags on the fabric, damage to the water-repellent coating, and hot water and heat can distort the material.
It is better to use laundry or baby soap as detergents. If the dirt is very stubborn, a SOFT sponge will help. The water should be warm (no more than +40 °C). Do not rub too hard) It is best to wash it straightened out. Then dry thoroughly.
Over time, the protective water-repellent coating weakens. There are many modern special impregnations for restoration, for example Nikwax. This will help solve the problem for a short time and allows the awning to last for some more time.
Repair any minor damage as soon as possible, this will make further use of the tent easier and will prevent the damage from getting worse.
By following these simple recommendations, you will keep your tent in working condition for a long time!
Enjoy your hikes!

Seams and waterproofing

Tents with unfinished seams allowing moisture to pass through must be hand-sealed using seam sealant (liquid or glue) and a fine brush/applicator. When processing, you must follow the instructions included with the sealant. It is advisable to process seams in an open area outside the house. A shiny finish on a seam indicates that a water-repellent polyurethane coating was applied to it during production.
Do not forget that with long-term use of the tent, the seam coating weakens; therefore, the seams are re-treated with sealant.
A water-repellent coating can also be applied to the walls of the inner tent and its flysheet, as the protective layer of the tent weakens over time. In this case, use the same water-repellent agents as for outer membrane clothing. Single-wall tents (primarily used by mountaineers) are made from waterproof, breathable material. For these tents, water-repellent agents are used when they want to update its properties.

Most often, the inner tent and awning are produced with already treated, taped seams. This is necessary in order to hide small holes from the needle that form when sewing two pieces of material.

One exception: tents (usually very light models) with a flysheet made of silicone-treated nylon.

How to arrange a bivouac

RULES OF BEHAVIOR IN NATURE

RULES FOR SETTING UP A BIVACK (HOLIDAY CAMP)

Since the greatest harm to nature is caused by long-term bivouac, let's look at the rules for organizing just such a bivouac. It should be noted that it is unlikely that it will be possible to completely eliminate damage during the construction of a bivouac; we can only talk about him minimization. It should also be noted that sometimes environmental regulations conflict with safety regulations.

It is best to arrange bivouacs where you have already stopped People. If this place is littered, before arranging tent camp needs to be done cleaning territories.

1). The place for the construction of a bivouac (tents, fire pit, garbage pit, toilet, etc.) should be selected based on security schoolchildren, and should try to follow the rules of behavior in the wild to the maximum extent possible.

2). If a water protection zone is defined near a reservoir, a bivouac must be placed beyond.

3). You cannot set up a bivouac in clearings covered moss. The moss layer will be torn off in the first hours.

4). The bivouac is installed in such a way that damage as little as possible vegetation.

5). If the bivouac is long-term or crowded, it is necessary to plan and mark out, and then protect stone paths along which its participants will walk - otherwise all the vegetation on the territory will be trampled! It is better to take stones from placers, and not to pick out separately lying ones from the ground, since under them, over many years, their own small world, which is so easy to destroy.

6). Tents should be installed in areas free of trees and shrubs; cutting them down to set up a tent is unacceptable.

7). Racks for tents you need to bring it with you, in extreme cases use dead wood. It is unacceptable to cut down living trees for stands.

8). Pegs To secure tent guy lines, you should also have ready-made ones. However, it should be remembered that a peg driven into the soil, after being removed, leaves a hole that can give rise to erosion processes. For this reason, it is better to fasten guy ropes to stones. You can also use tree trunks for this purpose, but not their branches or bushes, because the guy may simply tear off or damage the branch.

9). Completely unacceptable ditch tent, i.e. build a drainage ditch around it. If the tent is installed incorrectly, the rain groove will not protect you from the rain; A properly installed tent does not need a groove. No matter how the ditch is leveled later, the process of soil erosion will still begin from there.

10). Cannot be used as tent bedding spruce branches dwarf cedar, larch branches and moss.

eleven). One of the top priorities when organizing a long-term camp is toilet construction; when organizing a short-term bivouac (for one or two days) - choosing a place to perform natural needs.

12). Pits for food waste and toilets, it is necessary to dig no closer than 50 meters from the shore of the reservoir. The turf cut from the pit construction site must be placed in a shady place and periodically moistened with water.

13). When leaving the bivouac, you need to do everything carefully put away- the place must be perfectly clean. Stones taken for setting up a fire pit, paths, or for setting up tents must be returned to where they were taken from. Garbage and toilet pits must be carefully filled with compacted soil and turf placed on top.

Other pages in the “Educational Programs” section:

www.ecosystema.ru

How to arrange a bivouac

Our goal is to provide residents of the region with affordable, high-quality and environmentally friendly meat and dairy products, and, therefore, ultimately contribute to ensuring food independence and security of Russia.

The traditional tourist rally of the Sayan Broiler Agricultural Holding took place on June 18 and 19 on the Oka River. This year the theme of the tour meeting was Russian cinema.

In total, 14 teams took part in the event: teams from production units of the main production - a poultry farm in Sayansk, a team from OJSC Trud from Irkutsk, OP Megetskoye from Meget, OP KhPP from Kuitun, TD Sayansky Broiler, OJSC Kuitunskaya Niva "

They competed in several types: the main event was passing the tourist strip, water crossing, presentation of bivouacs, cooking, amateur art competition, volleyball, bullet shooting, darts, hula hoop spinning.

The winners in the overall team competition were the Hatchery team,

In lifting weights: once again the best result is from Yuri Otmorsky (55 presses). Spinning hula hoop - the best result - Senko Anastasia. The most accurate in throwing darts was Pshechenko Krestina (130 points). Yuri Okorokov won among men and Olesya Romanova among women. The JSC Trud team received a prize and a certificate for the best greeting.

The teams took a creative approach to the design of the bivouacs. Both the bivouac and the dish were decorated according to the theme of the film chosen by the team. It was difficult for the jury to evaluate the competition, because... the entire clearing turned into a single film studio.

The presentation of bivouacs and dishes was attended by State Duma Deputy S.Yu. Ten, Chairman of the Board of Directors V.V. Bukhanov, and Mayor of the Sayan Municipal District O.V. Borovsky.

The rain prevented the amateur art competition from being held as scheduled. It was held on Sunday, June 19th. 1st place - management, 2nd place - feed shop, 3rd place - PJSC Kuitunskaya Niva.

The winners and runners-up were awarded diplomas and prizes. All teams that took part in the tourist rally were awarded certificates and valuable gifts.

www.s-broiler.ru

Test of strength

Last Saturday, the traditional fifth city tourist rally of working and student youth started in the picturesque clearing of the Zhuravlik recreation center.

It was dedicated today to the Year of Russian Cosmonautics and the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space. This day was also declared the Day of Sobriety in the Sverdlovsk region, and our tourist athletes willingly supported the initiative.

I must say that the day turned out to be unusually cold. Just yesterday it was summer, the sun was scorching hot, but here it hid behind the clouds and indifferently watched everything from the vastness of the gloomy sky.

But tourists, accustomed to the surprises of the Ural weather, were not at all embarrassed by this. Many teams arrived at the competition site the evening of the previous day, set up tents, removed the turf, lit fires, once again practiced passing difficult stages of the distance, set up their bivouacs, and spent the night in nature.

And at dawn the rest arrived. The forest clearing was again filled with the sounds of a working chainsaw and an ax (ready-made logs are brought with you). A savory spirit emanated from the fires, and morning tea flavored with smoke and herbs began to boil in pots. Every bonfire has jokes, laughter, music. ABOUT bad weather everyone was completely forgotten! But in vain: she, mother, has increased the extreme level in the coming day.

And so - the formation, the ceremonial raising of the Russian flag and... first a minute of silence in memory of the athletes of the Yaroslavl hockey team "Lokomotiv" who tragically died in the plane crash and the crew of the crashed plane. Then - welcoming words from the head of the city district Viktor Grishin, the chief judge of the competition Boris Bersenev, the head of the department for physical culture, sports and youth policy of the city district administration Natalya Andrievskaya, a member of the political council of the United Russia party, an assistant to the deputy of the city Duma Viktor Gusev. Well, and the presentation of the teams in the first competition of the rally - the “Greeting Competition”. Short, bright speeches, interesting costumes. By all appearances, the teams prepared seriously.

The mutual greeting ended. Victor Vasilyevich wished tourists a wise and sober lifestyle, health, and perseverance in achieving their goals. Natalya Andrievskaya and Boris Bersenev - worthy fight in the upcoming sports and creative competitions. And then... Then the cooks remain at the fires, the teams go to the start in the most difficult and important stage of the sports tourism competition - the “Obstacle Course”. The length of the distance is about 4 kilometers (now it is longer than last year and takes place in a different place), there are eleven stages, the elevation difference is 100 meters. Separate start, interval – 5 minutes, distance class – first, high. A team of six people (including at least two girls) covers the distance independently, guided by a map of the area, and against time. The control time for the distance is 2.5 hours. A team that fails to meet this deadline is considered eliminated from the competition. Let me make a reservation right away: the tourists from the plant’s team - the winners of last year’s rally - noted that the new distance is moderately difficult and very interesting: thanks to Dmitry Abramov, chairman of the Territory active rest", and employees of the MU "Emergency Rescue Service". They were the ones who prepared and laid the route, set up the checkpoint.

Seventeen tourist teams, according to the draw, will start (the first at 10.30 am), having received a route map with control points marked on it. It is important to follow the order in which tasks are completed.

The stages are different. “Start with packing your backpack” (every little thing is serious!); “Moving on a slope with an alpenstock” - a special safety pole for moving on a slope; “Task Clearing” – for knowledge of international disaster codes; “Providing first aid and transporting a victim”; “Azimuthal movement with overcoming dense undergrowth” (up to 200 meters); “Crossing on a suspended log” suspended through a conditionally dangerous zone; "Orientation"; “Water stage”, which is a catamaran race at a distance of 300 meters in different swims according to the Olympic system, pair starts and single qualifications.

Stage "Get" This is where I remembered the morning weather extreme. Imagine: out of breath athletes come running to the shore of a pond - a small but deep swampy depression through which three wet poles are laid, crossed by short logs ( conditional points supports). There are six of these logs on a 15-meter section. Everything is within reach of the poles. Having stepped on this squelching, wet, support covered in knots, you need to take a pole after a few steps and lay it forward, to the next log, and then stand on it and, balancing, quickly run the segment. Then again take the pole in your hands, lay it to the next log... and so on for each team member, taking turns taking the last pole, until everyone finds themselves on a dry shore, without swimming in cold water and without even getting their feet wet.

The teams silently, concentratedly, without female hysterics, carried out the task very clearly. The girls were especially surprised. I stood on the shore and thought: “Well, just lose your balance a little, slip in your wet sneakers, get caught on a long pole - and you’re in icy water. To the brave! So extreme sports turned out to be a real test of strength, and even with such a rich competition program, which only those who are prepared can perform.

By one o'clock in the afternoon, all the sports stages had been completed and the members of the panel of judges went on a visit. It was necessary to visit all the bivouacs, sum up the results of the competition for the best bivouac and the best tourist lunch. This is where the theme of the rally came into full focus: space. What kind of space dishes did the jury members try! Soups cooked over a fire and poured into pumpkin containers that look like an alien ship. All kinds of salads laid out in the shape of a flying saucer, an unidentified space object, and even vegetable cakes in the shape of a comet or rocket. The aesthetics of the execution of the dishes conflicted with the taste qualities, which confused the tasting panel of judges. But lunchtime whetted our appetite – and we tried everything!

Each bivouac was greeted with a warm, cheerful greeting from the team. Poems and songs with a guitar, participation of children - little fans: their drawings, crafts on a space theme. And everyone did a great job decorating the bivouacs. The jury members did not see abandoned garbage, broken trees or bushes anywhere. Each team presented its feature, according to its name. Well, as for the theme of the rally, here everyone’s imagination was in full swing. About space in so many different ways and so interesting! Wearing space helmets and suits, sitting in flying saucers made from tents, the rally participants talked about space as their native element. No one even expected that tourists were capable of this - people walking with a backpack on their backs ON THE GROUND.

And now - the award ceremony. The names of the winning teams sound over the large clearing. The jubilant winners of the rally come forward to loud applause and encouraging shouts from fans (and rivals!). Simply participants are also noted. Gifts and applause for everyone.

A diploma for first place in the open City tourist rally of working and student youth, dedicated to the year of Russian cosmonautics and the 50th anniversary of Yu.A. Gagarin’s space flight, was awarded to the first (strongest) group of teams A: team “Prometheus” of the Federal Fire Service No. 6 Second place is awarded to the team “Yasen Stump!” youth public organization of the Elektrokhimpribor plant. Third place went to the “Pilot” team (Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Electrokhimpribor Plant”).

In the second group of teams B, the winner's diploma is awarded to the Ultra-Mega team (Ural Furniture). Second place goes to the team “Artisans of the Galaxy” (professional team No. 78). The “Mobile” team (Department of Education) receives a diploma for third place.

In the “Obstacle Course” category, the first in group “A” were tourists from the Elektrokhimpribor plant - the “Pilot” team; in group “B” - team “Europe” (general education center “Europe”);

In the nomination “Water stage” in group “A” the first place went to the team “Prometheus” (FPS No. 6); in group “B” - the team “Gagariki” (social rehabilitation center “Chaika”);

In the category “Tourist Lunch” in group “A” the team “Torglandia” (consumer market) won; in group “B” - the team “Slaughter League” (OMVD); and there were no winners in the “Best Bivouac” category - everyone distinguished themselves!

In the nominations announced by the territorial organization of the United Russia party, the winners were: in the nomination “A healthy mind in a healthy body!” - team “Bodybuilders” (SKDC “Sovremennik”); in the category “Patience and work - everything will grind!” - Team “Jedi” (TIYAU MEPhI); in the nomination “Our strength is in unity” - the Medsanbat team (TsMSCh-91).

The meeting went smoothly and orderly. Much credit for this goes to the youth department of the administration in the person of Natalia Andrievskaya, Tatyana Kudelkina, Tatyana Napalkova, Inna Popova. And of course, the tourists themselves, who love this gathering, wait for it and prepare for it every year.

...The flag was lowered, the fires were extinguished, but the light of a good and faithful tradition remained in the soul - making friends, loving nature and being on friendly terms with it.

Elena Gordeeva
Children's tourism. Summary of a game lesson for students of the technical school “Organization of bivouacs and nature conservation”

Regional state budget

professional educational institution

"Karsunsky technological college»

Plan- abstract

classes on the topic:

«»

Developed:

Dorm teacher

Gordeeva E. N.

head of the association

"The Paths of Karsun"

R. p. Karsun

Lesson summary on the topic:

« Organization of bivouacs and nature conservation»

Target classes: - study the requirements for the location of the bivouac and the action for bivouac organization;

Development of positive moral qualities that encourage children to comply with norms of behavior in nature.

Tasks classes:

Form an idea of ​​the criteria for choosing a location bivouac and its organization;

Promote the development of logical, analytical thinking, the ability to make the right decisions;

Develop the ability to work in a team, a sense of responsibility for the decisions made;

Expand children's knowledge and understanding of the role nature in human life;

Cultivate emotional responsiveness to objects nature.

Equipment: projector, computer, screen, educational cards, 2 Whatman paper depicting the area, a set of cards, buttons, puzzles.

Type classes: explanations of new material, generalization and systematization of knowledge.

Form: activity - game

Method: verbal, visual, game.

Plan classes

1. Preparatory part.

2. Explanation of the new Topics:

Practical work with didactic material;

Presentation of new information;

3. Consolidation of the studied material.

4. Summing up classes.

Progress of the lesson

1. Preparatory Part:

Students are divided into two teams and take places at their desks, prepare notebooks and writing materials. Topic on the board classes.

2. Presentation of the new material:

Hello. Today we have a very interesting and necessary for everyone topic for tourists: « Organization of bivouacs and nature conservation»

Our goal classes– study the requirements for the place of choice bivouac and the sequence of actions when organization of bivouac work. Today we will try not to receive knowledge in a ready-made form, but together with me to find the necessary and correct information on the topic.

And we'll start with a little conversation.

Question: What is a bivouac?

Answer: A bivouac is a place of accommodation (parking) tourist groups for overnight or recreation. Bivouac is home, in which we live during the hike.

Question: Let's remember how long before dark you need to choose a place bivouac?

Answer: in 2 – 3 hours.

But, of course, even before setting out on the route, the approximate overnight location is determined on the map. And directly on the ground it is chosen 2 - 3 hours before dark.

Question: Do you think there are certain criteria and requirements for choosing a location? bivouac?

Answer: Yes, they exist.

And what exactly are we together now and we’ll try to figure it out. Let us look into the diary of one beginner, inexperienced tourist, to whom the leader, for educational purposes, instructed to choose a place bivouac on a hike.

So reasoned the one taking his first steps in tourism newcomer.

Each group takes turns expressing its proposals about the correctness or incorrectness of the hike participant’s judgments. And I will record them on the board in different columns.

Answers - students,

the teacher summarizes the answers

The answer is students

The answer is students

The text is displayed through a projector on the screen. And distributed in writing (4 things.)- into groups. 2-3 min. to study the content of the text.

Right and wrong are pre-drawn on the board. Students, together with the teacher, make notes in a notebook.

False True

Near populated areas, industrial enterprises, near power lines. - near a source with running water (rivers, springs) but not in flooded areas

Downstream of the river from the settlement - the presence of dead trees

Lonely tall trees (especially oaks and chestnuts). - in a forest, a place well blown by the wind in summer and protected from the wind in winter

It is better not to put up on the northern and eastern sides of the edge - put up tents on the east

sides of the edge - well lit by the sun in the morning

In depressions, dry river beds - first choose a place for a fire, and then a place for tents (4-5 m from the fire).

Reservoirs with standing water - not near tall, rotten trees

Place The bivouac must be level, dry, beautiful

Now let’s summarize everything that has been said and highlight the three main requirements for the place bivouac. How do you think?

Basic requirements for the place bivouac.

1. Security

2. Availability of firewood

3. Availability of water

Question. Tell me, in your opinion, which requirement is more important in winter and which in summer?

Yes. In summer, water is more important, and in winter, the availability of firewood.

But the most important law that applies when choosing a place bivouac, I haven't told you yet.

Even following all the advice given, you need to remember in order to avoid misunderstandings and offenses that the desire for better parking will haunt you throughout tourist life, but the ideal is almost impossible to achieve. The fact is that when choosing a parking lot, there are several options open to experienced tourists of absolute laws. The basic law of parking is stern and simple, just as all laws are stern and simple. nature: The best parking is five hundred meters away.

There are several more minor laws that also cannot be neglected. The first of these is the law "Half past six",

which means that the best parking is at half past seven in the evening.

The law has two more output:

A parking lot that comes across at half past eight will be a little worse, and after half past eight, parking disappears completely!

These are practical laws, absolutely true and more than once tested by me personally. I advise you to remember them and use them on your hikes.

I hope you now have an idea how to choose the right place for bivouac.

Question: What should we do in order to provide ourselves with all the necessary conditions? What conditions?

Answer: - you need a place to stay for the night;

Prepare food;

Warm up.

Yes, that's absolutely right. Write it down in your notebook.

student response

We have to:

Prepare firewood (for cooking and heating, stacking it at a distance of 5-6 m from the fire.

Ensure availability of water.

Place the tents compactly with the entrance to the fire at a distance of 5-6 m.

Make a bonfire.

Set up a place near the fire for eating.

Prepare food.

Question: What do you think should be done first and what second?

Answer: Preferably everything bivouac work should be carried out in parallel.

Distribute work among bivouac must be done immediately upon arrival. Each of the works on participants perform bivouac to whom this is entrusted. On multi-day hikes, it is better to distribute the work in advance so that all participants "passed" all types of work, i.e. participants undergo a full course of training.

With good bivouac organizations work is finished by the time dinner is ready. Overall on bivouac work leaves from 1.5 to 2 hours.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that depending on specific conditions, sometimes the order of work on bivouac, on the number of people in the group and their experience. Experienced tourists know what should be done first in each specific case.

Question: If on bivouac there is little dead wood and dead wood, what will you do?

Answer: Deploy more people to collect firewood.

Question: What if it's going to rain?

Answer: Yes, first of all we need to put up tents.

For experienced tourists there is such a rule - “No job, find one”!

In the group they don’t sit idle while others are working, they look for it, they help each other until all the work is finished.

Those on duty who prepare food in the morning get up 1 hour before. They prepare everything in the evening.

Question: What are the attendants preparing?

Answer: Water, firewood to protect from dew and rain, food.

In the morning, all participants, except those on duty, can be almost "collected", and the camp is basically collapsed before breakfast starts. When breakfast is ready, everyone stops so as not to delay the attendants and the exit in general. At the same time, the breakfast boilers are washed by the next people on duty, so that these people on duty can get ready at this time.

It is important to learn not only how to set up a camp correctly, but also how to remove it.

Question: Where do you think we should start removing the camp?

Answer. First, collect personal backpacks.

The tent and sleeping bags are turned inside out, shaken out, but first the tent slopes are allowed to dry in the sun, then the bottom is dried.

Put it in a backpack.

Leftover food is left aside - for forest animals

The remaining firewood is carefully stacked under the tree.

The garbage is burned. Take non-combustible waste with you.

The fire is extinguished. Cover the fire pit with removed turf and water it.

The parking lot should be left better than it was. Those who come after you should like this place. Nature should not suffer from your intrusion. This law must be observed without exception, that will save not only nature, but also our morality, our morals, our souls. List slide bivouac work

write it down in your notebook

writing in a notebook

Students answer

Block slide first

And today on class I suggest you work as ecologists. There are alarm bells ringing across our planet. You need to determine what problem is shown in the illustration, what causes it, and suggest ways to solve the problem.

For the correct answer, each group will receive an envelope, without which they will not be able to complete the next task.

Group 1 – water pollution.

Group 2 – deforestation.

Group 3 – garbage dumps.

Guys, look. What's in your envelopes, right, these are puzzles, and do you like to play puzzles?

I suggest you play the game now “My home is planet Earth” and collect puzzles.

You must complete the puzzles and we will find out what pictures you got.

What do you think, Earth, nature, people are related?

How do they interact with each other? The pictures are displayed on the screen.

Student answers

Students receive envelopes with puzzles

(Picture puzzles nature)

Student answers

3. Fixing the material.

The time has come to consolidate the material covered. Teams are given a set of cards « Bivouac» : (Christmas tree, deciduous tree, forest,

2 tents, fire, firewood). A Whatman paper is attached to the board, on which drawn: river, populated area, place of an old fireplace.

Participants’ task in 2 – 3 minutes. Place items correctly bivouac and sign the distances to certain objects.

After completing the task, the teams check with each other

Yes, I see that you have understood the main points of our topic. But to consolidate the knowledge even deeper, I suggest playing the game "True False". I will read questions to each team in turn, you must answer "True or False" statement. Must list the disadvantages of someone else's camp

"True False"

(+)

(-)

(-)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(-)

(-)

(+)

(+)

11. Tents are installed closer than 5-6 m from the fire (-)

(-)

(+)

14. Place for bivouac (-)

(+)

(+)

(-)

(-)

bivouac - half past six(+) Card with questions

4. Summing up.

I enjoyed talking to you today. I think we achieved the goals set for the lesson. It is very important not only to learn the material in the classroom, but also to learn how to take it into practice in real field conditions. And you will have such an opportunity

Didactic material

Text... Yes, this is a task, I was entrusted with choosing a place to stay for the night.

Over there in the distance near the river you can see a village. Downstream the river behind the village you can stop. In the evening we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village on the edge of the forest, there stands a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can find shelter from the rain. Let's stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun doesn't wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place here is picturesque. How nice it is that there is a depression there near the oak tree, because you need a flat place, you can set up tents. We’ll come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

Text... Yes, this is a task, I was entrusted with choosing a place to stay for the night.

Over there in the distance near the river you can see a village. Downstream the river behind the village you can stop. In the evening we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village on the edge of the forest, there stands a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can find shelter from the rain. Let's stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun doesn't wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place here is picturesque. How nice it is that there is a depression there near the oak tree, because you need a flat place, you can set up tents. We’ll come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

Text... Yes, this is a task, I was entrusted with choosing a place to stay for the night.

Over there in the distance near the river you can see a village. Downstream the river behind the village you can stop. In the evening we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village on the edge of the forest, there stands a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can find shelter from the rain. Let's stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun doesn't wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place here is picturesque. How nice it is that there is a depression there near the oak tree, because you need a flat place, you can set up tents. We’ll come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

Text... Yes, this is a task, I was entrusted with choosing a place to stay for the night.

Over there in the distance near the river you can see a village. Downstream the river behind the village you can stop. In the evening we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village on the edge of the forest, there stands a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can find shelter from the rain. Let's stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun doesn't wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place here is picturesque. How nice it is that there is a depression there near the oak tree, because you need a flat place, you can set up tents. We’ll come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

Text... Yes, this is a task, I was entrusted with choosing a place to stay for the night.

Over there in the distance near the river you can see a village. Downstream the river behind the village you can stop. In the evening we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village on the edge of the forest, there stands a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can find shelter from the rain. Let's stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun doesn't wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place here is picturesque. How nice it is that there is a depression there near the oak tree, because you need a flat place, you can set up tents. We’ll come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

"True False"

1. The fire should be located no closer than 5-6 m from trees and bushes (+)

2. You can make a fire in young coniferous trees and dense bushes (-)

3. You can make a fire on a pile of dry branches, near hay, straw (-)

4. You cannot make a fire near buildings and peat bogs. (+)

5. The fireplace should be protected from the wind (+)

6. The best fuel for a fire is dried spruce and pine. (+)

7. You can leave shoes and clothes unattended by the fire (-)

8. First they put up tents, and then choose a place for a fire. (-)

9. The place for stacking and chopping firewood should be 5-6 meters away from the fire (+)

10. Those on duty at the fire wear shoes, long sleeves, hats and always gloves (+)

11. Tents are installed closer than 5-6 m from the fire (-)

12. Tents are placed in a damp, poorly ventilated place (-)

13. Tents are located close to each other, all with exits to the fire (+)

14. Place for bivouac you need to choose downstream from the populated area (-)

15. For kindling, it is better to use plexiglass, a candle, paper (+)

16. To light a fire in a new place, you need to remove the turf. (+)

17. In the morning, the attendants first collect their things and then prepare breakfast (-)

18. It’s good to place the tent under a spreading oak tree. (-)

19. Most best time for selection bivouac - half past six(+)

References

1. Bardin K. – "ABC tourism» , - M.: Education, 1981.

2. Verba I. A., Golitsin S. M., Kulikov V. M., Ryabov E. G., - « Tourism at school» - M.;

3. Korobeinikov N.K., Mikheev A.A., Nikolenko I.G., - "Physical education", - Publishing house "Graduate School",- M.; 1989

4. Kravchenko I. A., Maleeva I. A., - “Memo to the leader of the trip”, - Regional children's excursion and tourist station, - Bryansk 1963

5. Kulikov V. M., Rotshtein L. M., - "School tourist leaders» , - M., 1997

6. Ryzhavsky G. Ya., - « Bivouacs» , - M.; CDYUT, 1985

7. "Encyclopedia tourist» - M., 1993

8. Internet resources