(Socialist Republic of Vietnam)

General information

Geographical position. Vietnam is a country in South-East Asia. In the north it borders with China, in the west with Cambodia and Laos. In the east and south it is washed by the South China Sea.

Square. The territory of Vietnam occupies 329,707 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital is Hanoi. Largest cities: Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) (3,555 thousand people), Hanoi (1,247 thousand people), Haiphong (450 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 57 provinces, 4 cities of central subordination.

Political system

The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the unicameral National Assembly.

Relief. Vietnam ranks the most eastern part peninsula of Indochina. The country is divided into four main physiographic regions. In the north is the mountainous part of the Yunnan Highlands, where the highest point of the country is located - Mount Fang Xi Pan (3,143 m). To the east of the mountainous region lies the delta of the Hong Ha (Red) River. Further south lie the Annam Mountains, which occupy the central part of Vietnam. The fourth region in the very south of the country is the Mekong Delta.

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of iron ore, coal, manganese, and bauxite; Oil and gas fields have been discovered on the sea shelf.

Climate. The climate of the country varies significantly in different regions. In the north it is subtropical with dry and mild winters and humid, hot summers. The central and southeastern regions have a tropical monsoon climate with high levels of humidity and high temperatures. In the southwest the climate is similar to that of the north of the country, but average temperatures are higher.

Inland waters. Hong Ha and Mekong are the main rivers of the country. Both flow into the South China Sea.

Soils and vegetation. The vegetation of Vietnam is varied. In mixed tropical forests pine, broad-leaved trees, bamboo, and vines grow. In the river deltas there are dense mangroves.

Animal world. The fauna is represented by elephants, deer, bears, tigers, and leopards. Among small mammals, the hare, squirrel, and monkey are especially widespread. Birds and reptiles are widely represented. Among the latter, crocodiles, snakes and lizards are especially common.

Population and language

The country's population is about 76.236 million people, the average population density is about 231 people per 1 sq. km. Ethnic groups: Vietnamese - 88%, Chinese, Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham. Languages: Vietnamese (official), Chinese, Khmer, Cham, French, English and Russian.

Religion

Buddhism - 55%, Taoism - 12%, Catholicism - 10%, Islam, Protestantism, paganism - 23%.

Brief historical sketch

The first state formation on the territory of modern Vietnam was the kingdom of O Lac, which existed in the 1st millennium BC. e.

In 221 BC. e. Northern Vietnam became part of the Chinese Empire, under which it remained until 939 AD. e.

At the beginning of the 11th century. The first of the great Vietnamese dynasties, the Ly, was founded, ruling Vietnam for more than 200 years. Vietnamese government institutions were based on Chinese models, and Confucianism was considered the main religion.

In the mid-19th century, during the reign of the Nguyen dynasty, France began to show interest in Vietnam and in 1858 began the actual conquest of Vietnam, and by 1884 most of the country became a French protectorate.

After the end of World War II, a liberation war broke out in Vietnam, which lasted until 1954, when the French army suffered a crushing defeat at Dien Bien Phu.

According to the Geneva Agreement, Vietnam was divided into two states (at the 17th parallel). In the north, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was formed, officially proclaimed on December 31, 1959. In the south of Vietnam, the Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on October 26, 1955.

Almost immediately after the formation of the two states, an armed conflict began, which resulted in a large-scale war in 1965 with the participation of the US Army. An armistice was signed on January 27, 1973, but the agreement never came into force and Saigon fell in early 1975.

The political unification of the two Vietnams took place in 1976. In the early 90s, economic and political reforms began in Vietnam.

Brief Economic Sketch

Vietnam is an agricultural country with a developing industry. Extraction of oil, coal, apatite, chromite, iron ore, tin, tungsten. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering (production of diesel engines, agricultural machinery, precision mechanisms, assembly, etc.), chemical industry; production of building materials. Woodworking and pulp and paper enterprises; rubber processing. Light and food industry. Artistic crafts. Agriculture is dominated by farming. They cultivate rice (the main food crop), sweet potato, corn, and industrial crops include cotton, jute, sugar cane, and tea; rubber plantations. Fruit growing, vegetable growing. Cattle (used mainly as draft power), pig breeding. Fishing. Wood harvesting (valuable species). Export: oil, coal, rice, rubber, fish and seafood.

The currency is dong.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Hanoi. Art Museum(household items and costumes of all 60 ethnic groups living in Vietnam); Tran Quoc Pagoda; Turtle Pagoda; Mausoleum of Ho Chi Minh City; Army Museum. Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). Notre Dame Cathedral (1883); municipal building (19th century); Giak Lam Pagoda (1744); Jadeite Emperor Pagoda (1909); Hindu temple Mariamman (XIX century); Botanical Garden; Museum of the Revolution; Art Museum; Ho Chi Minh City Museum; Museum of war crimes of the American and Chinese armies during the wars of 1965-1975 and 1979. Hue. Palace of the Emperors Ayanama and the tombs of the emperors. Danang. Museum of Cham Relics. Nha Trang. Four Buddhist temples (VII-XII centuries)

Literature. Nguyen Du (1765-1820) - poet (poem “The Lamentations of a Tormented Soul”; “Everything Living” is a work in which the dramatic conflicts of the era are interpreted in the spirit of Buddhism).

Vietnam is an attractive tourist country. There is also a coastline, with resorts that allow you to enjoy warm sea waves and good weather almost throughout the year, and many attractions that allow you to create an exciting excursion program.

Where is it located and what sea is it washed by?

Geographically Vietnam applies to Southeast Asia and is located on the Indochina Peninsula. In the West the country borders with Cambodia and Laos, in the North with China.

The Vietnamese coast extends along the eastern and southern parts of the country and is washed by South China Sea, Thailand and Tonkin gulfs.

The best tourist places to relax - photos and descriptions

Main part resorts of the country are located in the southern part. The north of Vietnam is characterized weather conditions, which are not always conducive to a resort holiday; in the south there are periods of rain, but in general there much warmer throughout the year and there is practically no winter.

Phan Thiet and Mui Ne

These resorts are located in the south of the country and specialize in beach holidays. At the same time, in Mui Ne, Russian-speaking tourists, as a rule, feel more comfortable, since the Russian diaspora has settled there, many representatives of the Russian-speaking population have their own businesses, and there are many signs in Russian on the streets.

Nha Trang

This resort is one of most popular and at the same time, like Mui Ne, it is filled with a significant amount of Russian-language service. Many Russians have their own restaurants, excursion bureaus and other companies that work in the field of tourism and recreation.

Nha Trang offers opportunities for a wide variety of recreation. Wellness services are developed here, but there is also a lot of entertainment, including the famous Vietnamese diving.

Dalat

Is high mountain resort , which is located in the central part of Vietnam. Both Vietnamese and foreigners relax here. Moreover, the resort has a certain claim to elitism:

• many golf courses;
• cozy parks and forests;
• boat trips.

Dalat has magnificent nature, many waterfalls and coniferous forests. Excellent conditions for a relaxing holiday.

Phu Quoc and other islands

Phu Quoc- fabulous resort island, where a large safari park was recently created. In addition, there is a lot of entertainment and a great beach holiday.

Con Dao Island– relatively new tourist destination, but worthy of attention. There's great ecotourism there. In addition to its magnificent beaches, Con Dao offers:

• reserve;
• fishing;
• observation of exotic animals.

If you find yourself near Halong Bay, you can treat yourself to island visits Cat Ba and Tuan Chau. They offer wellness services and entertainment combined with beach holiday.

Mountain resorts

These resorts should be noted because of the presence of mineral springs there.

There are many useful sources in Vietnam mineral water, but there are relatively few resorts nearby.

Of course, the weather there is not ideal for holidays all year round, but here are the conditions for have a good rest quite optimal.

Located near Hanoi Ba Vi– a resort with a national park. There you can enjoy:

• mud baths;
• bathing in hot water;
• healing sessions of traditional medicine.

Not far from Ho Chi Minh City is the city of Vung Tau, whose territory includes Binh Chau resort. The resort is actively developing, offering hot mineral springs and quality service.

Planning a budget: how much money to take to Vietnam for 7, 10, 14 days? Find the answer here.

Beaches and coast

Beaches in the south The countries are suitable for resort holidays almost throughout the whole year. In autumn the rainy season begins there, but warm days are still observed.

Most resorts have access to the sea with a water temperature of at least twenty degrees, meaning you can always swim.

North less favorable weather conditions in winter. It really gets cold there (by Vietnamese standards) and swimming in winter is not possible.

Sights of the country

The authentic Vietnam is not only resort holiday, but also an abundance of attractions.

This country has many territories where buildings of ancient civilizations and many natural beauties remain.

Besides It should be noted Remnants of the colonial era, many of the houses in Vietnam remain from the era when the French ruled the country.

For people from northern countries have attractiveness exotic entertainment:

There are absolutely original excursion options such as visiting guerrilla tunnels left over from the Vietnam War. Halong Bay is considered one of the most beautiful spaces on the planet.

Hanoi abounds architectural structures of different times: from the era of the development of Buddhism to the grandiose buildings of the times of communism. Da Nang attracts Marble mountains and pagodas. Tourists can see the famous Reclining Buddha statue watch in Phan Thiet.

In general, a lot of attractions are concentrated in the relatively small territory of Vietnam.

Regardless of which part of the country you go to, you will be able to make an interesting cultural program for yourself.

Interesting things, souvenirs and gifts that you can bring from Vietnam are in this article.

International airports

Now the territory of the country includes nine international airports , but only until four are there regular flights from Russia. The largest is Tan Son Nhat, which is located in Ho Chi Minh City. Not far from the capital(45 kilometers from Hanoi) is Noi Bai Airport, which attracts tourists with its architecture in the style of a classic Vietnamese pagoda.

If you need to fly to Dalang, it has its own airport three kilometers from the city. Khanh Hoa Province uses Cam Ranh, which is located in Nha Trang.

Tourists who are interested in resort holidays most often used Tan Son Nhat Airport, which is closest to others popular resorts. In the future, this airport will be used for domestic flights, and “resort tourists” will be served by Long Thanh Airport.

How to easily and comfortably cover a distance of more than 10,000 km? All the secrets of flying to Vietnam are here.

Do you know where Vietnam is?

Vietnam is a small country located on Indochinese Peninsula. The area of ​​its territory is estimated from 330.95 to 331.21 thousand square meters. km. This is due to the fact that Vietnam has territorial disputes with its neighbors and unresolved border relations. In terms of size, it ranks 66th in the ranking of countries in the world, and in terms of population density it ranks 30th. The population of Vietnam currently exceeds 92 million people. The capital of the state is Hanoi.

You need to look for a country on the world map in the eastern part of Indochina and Southeast Asia. Geographical coordinates Vietnam 16 10 N, 107 50 E. The territory of the state has an elongated shape and resembles the letter “S”. It crosses 15 parallels and stretches along the Pacific Ocean. The distance between her extreme points from north to south it is 1750 km. The narrowest part of Vietnam is only 50 km wide, and the longest distance from east to west is 616 km.

This meridional extension of the country predetermined its location in several climatic zones. The tropical climate prevails in the south of the country. The opposite weather is developing in the north. Monsoon climate prevails here. His characteristic features are hot weather and heavy rainfall. The rainiest months of the year in the area are from May to September.

Border with Laos

The total length of the border is 2067 km. The demarcation line runs along the Truong Son ridge. Transitions between countries are organized in pass areas. They connect the eastern part of Vietnam with Laos. TO border crossings There are highways No. 8 Nabe and No. 9 Laobao.

Travelers in Vietnam Russian tourists can take advantage of these passages and visit Laos. To do this, they do not need to apply for special visas.

Maritime boundaries and coastlines

The length of the coastline of Vietnam is 3260 km. In the northeast it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin, and in the southwest by the Gulf of Thailand. They are part of the South China Sea. The country's most famous ports are Saigon, Danang and Haiphong. The country's continental shelf covers an area of ​​1 million square meters. km. It includes more than 2,700 islands. All of them are located at a distance not exceeding 100 km from the coast. The most significant islands are Con Dao, Phu Quoc, Khoai, Re and Cham. Vietnam is engaged in territorial disputes with China and Vietnam over the Paracel Islands and Spratlys.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is located on the Indochina Peninsula in a southeastern direction. Due to its topography, the country is elongated along the eastern part of the peninsula. Where to look for Vietnam on the world map?

Vietnam on the map

The Republic of Vietnam occupies the lands of the Eurasian continent. The country belongs to the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth if the equator is taken as the reference point.

The area of ​​Vietnamese territories is 331,210 square meters. km.

The country borders with the following neighbors:

• Laos and Cambodia (west);
• PRC (north).

The coast of Vietnam is washed by the South China Sea. The length of the borders of the republic is 3818 km. Coastline extends over 3444 km.

Hanoi is considered the capital city of the state. Vietnam's subequatorial climate makes the country an excellent resort destination.

Relief of Vietnam

Plateaus and mountains are an integral part of the Vietnamese terrain. Highest point states - Fansipan Peak. Its height is estimated at 3143 km.

The plateaus and plains in Vietnam account for 20% of all land. In the center of the Vietnamese terrain are the Pleiku and Zilin plateaus.

The well-known Hongha and Mekong are the most large rivers Asia, which end their course in Vietnam, flowing into the South China Sea. The Bakbo delta plain contains the most big cities countries.

From the Annam Mountains, many rivers and streams also flow into the South China Sea. Thanks to this, a small strip of coastal plains is formed on the territory of the state.

The soils of Vietnam have luxurious mineral reserves. Ore, coal, lead, zinc, tin are the most common minerals in Vietnam.

Serious climate change poses a real threat of flooding of Vietnamese forests. Since most forest areas are located on the coastline, as well as along river banks, their number in the country may soon decrease significantly.

Administrative divisions of Vietnam

The state consists of 58 provinces. The 5 big cities of Vietnam are also considered large provinces. Next come urban areas, which are divided into small towns and counties. They, in turn, are divided into communes and communities, and also partially into neighborhoods. Small villages and hamlets are not included in the administrative level of Vietnam.

It is an attractive tourist country. There is also a coastline, with resorts that allow you to enjoy warm sea waves and good weather almost throughout the year, and many attractions that allow you to create an exciting excursion program.

Where is it located and what sea is it washed by?

Geographically Vietnam applies to Southeast Asia and is located on the Indochina Peninsula. In the West the country borders with Cambodia and Laos, in the North with China.

The Vietnamese coast stretches along the eastern and southern parts of the country and is washed by the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand and the Gulf of Tonkin.

Phan Thiet and Mui Ne

These resorts are located in the south of the country and specialize in beach holidays. At the same time, in Mui Ne, Russian-speaking tourists, as a rule, feel more comfortable, since the Russian diaspora has settled there, many representatives of the Russian-speaking population have their own businesses, and there are many signs in Russian on the streets.

Nha Trang

This resort is one of most popular and at the same time, like Mui Ne, it is filled with a significant amount of Russian-language service. Many Russians have their own restaurants, excursion bureaus and other companies that work in the field of tourism and recreation.

Nha Trang offers opportunities for a wide variety of recreation. Wellness services are developed here, but there is also a lot of entertainment, including the famous Vietnamese diving.

Dalat

Is high mountain resort, which is located in the central part of Vietnam. Both Vietnamese and foreigners relax here. Moreover, the resort has a certain claim to elitism:

• many golf courses;
• cozy parks and forests;
• boat trips.

Dalat has magnificent nature, many waterfalls and coniferous forests. Excellent conditions for a relaxing holiday.

Phu Quoc and other islands

Phu Quoc- a magnificent resort island, where a large safari park was recently created. In addition, there is a lot of entertainment and a great beach holiday.

Con Dao Island– a relatively new tourist destination, but worthy of attention. There's great ecotourism there. In addition to its magnificent beaches, Con Dao offers:

• reserve;
• fishing;
• observation of exotic animals.

If you find yourself near Halong Bay, you can treat yourself to island visits Cat Ba and Tuan Chau. They offer wellness services and entertainment combined with a beach holiday.

Mountain resorts

These resorts should be noted because of the presence of mineral springs there.

Vietnam has many healthy mineral water sources, but there are relatively few resorts nearby.

Of course, the weather there is not ideal for relaxation all year round, but the conditions for a healthy vacation are quite optimal.

Located near Hanoi Ba Vi– a resort with a national park. There you can enjoy:

• mud baths;
• bathing in hot water;
• healing sessions of traditional medicine.

Not far from Ho Chi Minh City is the city of Vung Tau, whose territory includes Binh Chau resort. The resort is actively developing, offering hot mineral springs and quality service.

Beaches and coast

Beaches in the south The countries are suitable for resort holidays almost throughout the whole year. In autumn the rainy season begins there, but warm days are still observed.

Most resorts have access to the sea with a water temperature of at least twenty degrees, meaning you can always swim.

North less favorable weather conditions in winter. It really gets cold there (by Vietnamese standards) and swimming in winter is not possible.

Sights of the country

Authentic Vietnam is not only a resort holiday, but also an abundance.

This country has many territories where buildings of ancient civilizations and many natural beauties remain.

Besides It should be noted Remnants of the colonial era, many of the houses in Vietnam remain from the era when the French ruled the country.

For people from northern countries, they are attractive exotic entertainment:

1. reserves with crocodiles and other rare animals;
2. elephant riding;
3. National parks;
4. fishing;
5. snake restaurants.

There are absolutely original excursion options such as visiting guerrilla tunnels left over from the Vietnam War. Halong Bay is considered one of the most beautiful spaces on the planet.

Hanoi abounds architectural structures of different times: from the era of the development of Buddhism to the grandiose buildings of the times of communism. Da Nang attracts Marble mountains and pagodas. Tourists can see the famous Reclining Buddha statue watch in Phan Thiet.

In general, a lot of attractions are concentrated in the relatively small territory of Vietnam.

Regardless of which part of the country you go to, you will be able to make an interesting cultural program for yourself.

International airports

Now the territory of the country includes nine international airports, but only until four are there regular flights from Russia. The largest is Tan Son Nhat, which is located in Ho Chi Minh City. Not far from the capital(45 kilometers from Hanoi) is Noi Bai Airport, which attracts tourists with its architecture in the style of a classic Vietnamese pagoda.

If you need to fly to Dalang, it has its own airport three kilometers from the city. Khanh Hoa Province uses Cam Ranh, which is located in Nha Trang.

Tourists who are interested in resort holidays most often used Tan Son Nhat Airport, which is closest to popular resorts. In the future, this airport will be used for domestic flights, and “resort tourists” will be served by Long Thanh Airport.

Three points on the map of Vietnam (Nha Trang-Dalat-Mui Ne) that will be of interest to any tourist and traveler: