Japan is washed by waters. Full description of Japan
And the Japanese islands are the boundaries separating the waters of the Sea of Japan from the Pacific basin. The Sea of Japan predominantly has natural boundaries, only some areas are separated by conventional lines. The Sea of Japan, although it is the smallest of the Far Eastern seas, belongs to the largest. The water surface area is 1062 thousand km2, with a water volume of about 1630 thousand km3. The average depth of the Sea of Japan is 1535 m, maximum depth– 3699 m. This sea belongs to the marginal oceanic seas.
A small number of rivers carry their waters into the Sea of Japan. The largest rivers are: Rudnaya, Samarga, Partizanskaya and Tumnin. Mostly all of this. During the year it is about 210 km 3 . Throughout the year fresh water flows evenly into the sea. In July, river flow reaches its maximum. Water exchange between and the Pacific Ocean occurs only in the upper layers.
The territory of Japan is about 370 thousand square meters, which allows it to occupy only 61st place in the world ranking of countries with the largest territory. However, the number of people living in this territory, 129 million people (as of 2015), places Japan among the most densely populated countries in the world. The country ranks 10th in the list of countries by the number of people living.
Geographical characteristics
Japan - Island state. It is located on 4 large islands, the names of which are familiar to all geography lovers: Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu. They make up 98% of the country's territory. The remaining 2% falls on 3 thousand small and sometimes even small islands. In order to maintain communication between disparate territories, the islands were united using a system of bridges and tunnels dug underground and under water. This is how a single land space was created in Japan.
Nature
The Land of the Rising Sun is often called the land of steep slopes. And this is true. The vast majority (about 3/4) of all the country's mountain ranges are too scattered to be developed. The contours of the mountains are angular, with pointed contours. The only exceptions are mountain ranges, located in the south of Honshu and Kyushu. And near the shores of the island of Hokkaido you can see the smooth outlines of mountain ranges.
The most high mountains, by analogy with European ones, are called the Japanese Alps. They are located in the center of the island of Honshu, near Tokyo. They are quite high - peaks 3000 meters above sea level are not uncommon here. Due to their appearance and attractiveness, they are a tourist attraction...
There are a huge number of rivers in Japan. Their profiles are short and quite cool. Because of this, their use for shipping is difficult. The waters of these rivers are clean, transparent, and contain a wide variety of fish. The three largest Japanese rivers are named Shinano, Ishikari and Kanto. The Shinano originates in the Japanese Alps, flows for more than 360 km and then flows into the Sea of Japan. The Ishikari begins in the western part of the island of Hokaido, flows almost the same distance and also feeds the Sea of Japan with its waters. As for the Kanto, it passes through the Kanto Plain and flows into Tokyo Bay, and therefore indirectly we can say that it flows directly into the Pacific Ocean...
The country's territory is generously washed by various seas and oceans. In the east and south, its islands are dominated by the Pacific Ocean. In the west are the coasts of the East China and Japan Seas, and in the north are the Sea of Okhotsk...
In Japan you can find many different types of flora and fauna. This is a consequence of the fact that the climate here is very favorable for their living, with fairly high humidity. Plus, the island isolation of the country takes its toll. A peculiarity of the flora and fauna is the fact that here you can often find endemics - animals that live only in this part of the globe. And forests make up 60% of the country’s territory, which only contributes to the development of flora and fauna.
Among the plants, camphor laurels, oaks and camellias are common; bamboo and ginkgo can also be found. Their animals are of particular interest: Japanese macaques, raccoon dogs, shrews, flying squirrels and chipmunks, copper pheasants...
The climate of the country can be described as mild and humid. In winter, temperatures rarely drop below zero. Severe cold is very rare, but in Northern Japan you can find snow, which, however, melts quite quickly. The seasons in nature are more or less pronounced, and the spring cherry blossoms are especially beautiful...
Resources
The country has very low resource potential. Almost all natural resources are in great short supply, and primarily mineral ones. And although various types of minerals are present in the country, the reserves of these resources are minimal, and the needs of such countries are great. Therefore, the country is forced to import almost all minerals from neighboring countries, which are more generously endowed with nature...
Japan - unique country. Indeed, despite the dependence on imported resources, the industrial approach to production, as well as the potential itself, is enormous. This is how ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (Japanese cars are known all over the world as an example of reliability), and shipbuilding developed. Many residential and administrative facilities are being built, the chemical and petrochemical industries are at the peak of their development. The country has achieved great achievements in the field of digital technologies.
As for agriculture, on soils on which nothing grows at all, Japanese farmers, using modern technologies, grow vegetables and fruits in fairly large quantities...
Culture
The cultural layer of the country is very original and unique. The Japanese adhere to ancient traditions such as the tea ceremony, kimono and geisha - such phenomena are not found in any other country in the world. There are two main religions in Japan - Shintoism and Buddhism, and the people themselves are quite hospitable, although they show characteristic restraint in showing any emotions...
14.11.2015
Geography lesson in 11th grade according to V.P. Maksakovsky’s teaching materials
Travel lesson topic: Japan:territory, borders, population
Goals:
Educational: create conditions for the formation of a knowledge system:
On the peculiarities of the country's political system,
On the factors that determine the most important economic and geographical features of modernJapan,
About the characteristics of the Japanese nation and its contribution to world culture.
Developing: create conditions for development:
Skills in working with text, geographical maps,
Ability to analyze, compare, draw analogies,
Communication skills
Attention, thinking, speech culture, ability to draw conclusions.
Educational: to promote the demonstration of skills of self-organization and mutual assistance, cooperation in the course of work on studying Japan; showing interest in the educational material.
Planned results:
Subject:
Learn to use various sources of geographic information to find information necessary to solve educational problems;
Analyze and summarize geographic information;
Create oral messages based on sources of information;
Draw up a comprehensive description of Japan using maps and draw conclusions based on the knowledge gained.
Metasubject:
cognitive – find reliable information necessary to solve problems;
regulatory – work according to plan individually and in a group;
Evaluate your work, correct mistakes;
communicative - express your opinion, confirm with facts;
Use ICT to achieve goals;
personal – development of cognitive motivation based on working with various sources of geographic information;
Awareness of the integrity of the world.
Equipment: political map world, physical map of Asia,economic and physical map of Japan,plan cards,presentation for the lesson, atlases.
During the classes.
I. Organizational and motivational stage. Slide1
I regret that I did not see the face of the whole Earth,
All its oceans, icy peaks and sunsets.
Only the sail of dreams guided my ships around the world,
Only in the glass windows did I meet albatrosses and stingrays.
I didn't hear Big Ben strike the hour in London,
I did not see how the stars are sliding lower and lower towards the fjords,
How the bitter snow of the Atlantic foam boils behind the stern
And at the beginning of spring, violets in Paris turn blue.
R. Rozhdestvensky
( fiord ( fjord ) - narrow, winding and deeply cut into the marine land with rocky shores. The length of the fjord is several (most often tens) times greater than its width. The shores of the fjord are in most cases formed by cliffs up to 1000 meters high.)
Every person is born a dreamer and traveler. Even in childhood, we mentally rush to unknown but alluring shores, countries and continents. However, in real life, not everyone manages to become a participant in travel and geographical discoveries. We often experience feelings similar to those described by the poet R. Rozhdestvensky
However, I know: you and I have such an opportunity. (Japanese music sounds).
II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
They say there is wonderful country, surrounded on all sides by blue mountains.Everything there is unusual for us; it is called very strangely - “the country on the contrary.” And there is every reason for this. In this amazing country, a woman hands you a coat, the steering wheel in the car is on the right side, cats are tailless, they write from top to bottom, eat with chopsticks, sleep on the floor, and white is the color of mourning. - What country are we talking about? You guessed it.Why not go there? – addressedIvaro to his brotherIsutse .
Let's go there.
This is how, according to legend, people were resettled from the islandKyushu to the islandHonshu. The state created thereYamato was the center of formation of the Japanese people.
I invite you, following the heroes of an ancient legend, to travel to a country that has been called the Country for a long time. rising sun.
So, the topic of our lesson is “Japan”.
What associations do you have when you hear the word “Japan”?
What would you like to know about Japan???
Let's determine the purpose of our lesson?
Today in the lesson we will find out what impact the GP has on the development of the country, get acquainted with the natural conditions and resources, and talk about the characteristics of the Japanese population. And at the end of our journey you will answer my question:"Why is the Japanese nation compared to a monolith"
Real travelers always keep research diaries. And we will also keep notes during the journey. Recording the date and topic of the lesson
So, let's go!
III. Learning new material.
The ancient name of the country is Yamato, which means "way of the mountains"
Since ancient times, the Japanese themselves have called the country Nippon (or Nihon). This name consists of two hieroglyphic characters, the first of which means “sun”, and the second - “base”. This is where the allegorical name of Japan as the land of the rising sun comes from. The red sun circle on a white background on the Japanese flag symbolizes the rising sun.
The story of the teacher and students is accompanied by a show geographical objects on large wall maps.
Let's take a trip around Japan.
Students work with physical card Eurasia andplan (on desks) .
Japan is an island state located on four large islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, as well as the islands of the Ryukyu archipelago and more than a thousand small islands. The capital is Tokyo.
– Determine from the map which island is the largest?
– What seas and oceans is Japan washed by? ( In the north it is washed Sea of Okhotsk, in the east - the Pacific Ocean, in the south - the Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea, in the west - the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan).
– Which countries does Japan border with? (In the north it borders with Russia - Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, in the south - with the Philippines, in the west and northwest - with China and South Korea).
Work with contour map
Individual cards
Compare geographical position Japan and China.
Japan has many different traditions and customs. And one of them is related to the geographical location of the country. Apparently because Japan is an island state, such a beautiful custom has developed here to see off ships: long ribbons of colored paper flutter in the wind, some ends in the hands of those sailing, the other in the hands of those remaining on the shore. The ship moves further and further from the pier, and bright ribbons begin to tear one after another...
Using the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the area, state. structure and form of government of Japan
The country's area is almost 378 thousand km². By state structure Japan is a unitary state with 47 prefectures. The form of government is constitutional monarchy
(As the messages progress, the researchers' diaries are filled in.)
Give a description natural conditions Japan.
Give a description natural resources Japan.
Record the main information in your diaries.
Nature on the Japanese islands is cruel and stingy. Earthquakes occur frequently. Typhoons cause great harm to the country. The country is poor in mineral resources, so other natural resources are of particular importance.
And after that, answer the question: “How does natural resource potential affect the development of the country’s economy?”
(- linking to external sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods has become the most important reason for the country’s active foreign policy;
Due to climatic conditions in the southern subtropical and tropical regions, it is possible to harvest two crops per year;
Forests are the basis for the wood processing industry;
Rivers are sources of hydropower and water for irrigation;
The fauna of the sea is rich and diverse. Japan ranks one of the first in the world in terms of fish catch)
Teacher:Not having enough natural resources, the country has become one of the economic leaders of the modern world.
And they played no small role in this national characteristics of this state and people
Francois Xavier wrote about the inhabitants of this country:“In honesty and virtue they surpass all other nations discovered to this day. They have a pleasant character. There is no deceit, and they put honor above all else.”
We continue our journey.
Using the statistical material on the desks and atlas maps, give a plan to characterize the population of Japan.
plan for the characteristics of the population of Japan.
1 Population
Write down the main data in your diaries. The time to complete this work is 3 minutes.
What type of population reproduction does the state belong to? (II type)
What is your opinion about what the state’s demographic policy was aimed at in the mid-20th century?
Main directions: reducing the birth rate and increasing living standards.
Methods of achievement: - classes with schoolchildren on family planning
Raising the marriageable ageIn Japan, you can get married at 18 years old, and get married at 16. In China, you are not allowed to become a husband before the age of 22, and girls can become legal wives at 20 years old.
Increased costs of raising and educating children
General education in Japan has a very clear structure: a six-year elementary school, a three-year junior high school, and a three-year junior high school. Thus, general education in the country is represented by three schools, through which, starting from the age of six, most Japanese now pass. After graduating from school at the age of 18, Japanese youth flock to universities (four years of study) or colleges (two years of study). Some schoolchildren after graduation high school first stage (at the age of 15) enters technical colleges for five years. It should also be noted that most Japanese children from three to six years old are raised in kindergartens.
The Japanese school year beginsApril 1st and ends in March . It is divided into three semesters with holidays in August and winter holidays at the end of December. Japanese children attend school 240 days a year, including classes on Saturdays (in the US, the school year lasts 180 school days). Classes in Japanese schools according to the established norm can reach up to 45 people
The Japanese school cultivates the national spirit of the Japanese, forms in its pupils appropriate moral standards, lays down and develops in them the traits of national character. In Japanese school, especially in elementary school, respect for parents and elders and faith in friends have always been taught. Such upbringing left an indelible mark on the Japanese psyche. In relation to a comprehensive school, this means moral education, intensive training and continuous exams..
Japanese elementary The school, step by step, transfers the virtues of family education into the school atmosphere. However, the system also works feedback: self-discipline, which is taught at school, is introduced into the family soil. Thus, family pedagogy receives reinforcement. There is an interaction between the family and school education of students. And here and there, schoolchildren are faced with a cult of authority. At home this is the authority of the parents, at school it is the authority of the teacher. Both authorities are indisputable. Elementary school students are persistently taught to have unlimited respect for these authorities.
The school also teaches a polite attitude towards comrades. It is most effectively cultivated at those stages of school life when students enter adolescence or adolescence.
Japanese teenagers and young men are taught group behavior in school. It is at school that the germs of groupism are formed, which then develop into stable stereotypes of behavior. To do this, students are involved in group conversations, where everyone is obliged to open up to others and explain their mistakes.
Usually, conflicts that arise as a result of childish pranks are settled between peers themselves.
Japanese teachers believe that all schoolchildren can successfully master the program offered in schools. And if anyone falls behind, they are advised to pay more attention at school and spend more time reading at home. It is generally accepted thatHigh school students in Japan spend at least five hours on homework. The Japanese school operates under the motto: “Success is achieved through hard work”, “If you are behind, work harder on yourself.”
There are both public and private schools in Japan. The costs of education in private schools significantly exceed the costs of education in public schools. Thus, attending a second-level state secondary school with two children costs a family 13.7% of its monthly budget, and a private one costs 29.6%. Nevertheless, parents in many cases, regardless of the costs, send their children to private schools. On top of everything else, private schools are more prestigious, and prestige is regarded very highly in Japan. Often the question of whether a graduate will or will not enroll in a higher educational institution depends on what school he graduated from. Going to university is one of the main goals in life for many Japanese. The desire for university education in Japan is increasing year by year. In modern conditions, as the Soviet scientist I. A. Latyshev rightly notes, “thoughts aimed at providing children with the highest possible education form in most families of the country that spiritual axis around which almost their entire everyday life revolves.”
In general, the Japanese general education system fulfills the social order of the ruling classes of Japan. She successfully copes with the two main tasks that face her. This is, firstly, preparing young people to master complex professions in modern production and, secondly, instilling in young people the skills of unconditional submission to authority. Tokyo University professor T. Hammi noted that Japanese schools “do not care about the student’s ability to debate. It is important for them that he always answers: “I understand you.”
Dear wedding ceremonies. (in Japan - 5 million yen, i.e. 2.5 million rubles. In Moscow - 700 thousand rubles)
What demographic problems does Japan face?
The process of population aging and the threat of depopulation
Life expectancy is one of the longest in the world. What is your opinion, why?
Healthy lifestyle; slogan “10,000 steps a day!”
Low consumption of alcoholic beverages;
Highly educated population
They love nature and carefully protect it
The most important character trait: hard work and diligence, goodwill
Eating seafood;
Consolidation
Why Japan is called the “demographic pioneer” of Asia. (From type 1 reproduction to type 2)
Why is the Japanese nation compared to a monolith? "The nation is a monolith"
Blitz survey
Reflection
What emotions did the lesson evoke in you? (3 types to choose from – in envelopes)
Homework: pp. 254-257, prepare a report on one of the industries in Japan, solve the puzzle: write in the boxes the names of seven Japanese cities that end on - YAMA (atlas)
The most populated countries in the world for 2015 Appendix
Place
A country
Population
date
China
1,367,510,000
18.9%
India
1,264,990,000
17.5%
USA
320,132,000
4.44%
Indonesia
252,164,800
3.49%
Brazil
203,692,000
2.82%
Pakistan
188,611,000
2.61%
Nigeria
178,517,000
2.47%
Bangladesh
157,609,000
2.18%
Russia
146,270,033
2.02%
10
Japan
127,130,000
1.76%
Birth rate chart in Japan
Life expectancy at birth among men and women
Men
Women
Place
A country
Lifespan
Place
A country
Lifespan
Iceland
81.2
Japan
Switzerland
80.7
Spain
85.1
Australia
80.5
Switzerland
85.1
Israel
80.2
Singapore
85.1
Singapore
80.2
Italy
80.2
France
84.9
Italy
80.2
Australia
84.6
8
Japan
The Republic of Korea
84.6
Sweden
Luxembourg
84.1
Luxembourg
79.7
Portugal
Plan of characteristics of the country's population
Sexual
Age
National
Religious
Population
Type of population reproduction
Population composition
Population distribution
Ratio of urban and rural population, level of urbanization, large cities
Features of demographic policy
EGP PLAN
Assessment of land and sea borders, level of development of first-order neighboring countries
(high level of development or low level of development of neighbors)
Assessment of transport routes of international importance that connect the country with other states
(availability of transit routes)
Assessment of the natural conditions of the seas that wash the territory of the country
(coastal location or continental, which seas)
Assessment of the EGP of the country as a whole (profitable or unprofitable)
Characteristics of the country’s natural resource potential
What relief features contribute to economic development?
What climate features contribute to economic development?
What features of rivers and lakes contribute to economic development?
Assess mineral resources for economic development?
Assess land resources for economic development?
Assess the country's forest resources?