West Coast of America. East and West Coast of the USA

Most people who are planning their first trip to are wondering if which coast of America to choose? After all, the USA is a huge country and a huge number of attractions and such desirable objects that you want to see are located on both sides of the country!

To immediately answer the main question, which coast to choose, I will say this. If you love cities - choose the east, if you love nature - turn your attention to the west!

East Coast USA

1. New York

Let's start with the fact that the East Coast of the United States has a big advantage - it's New York. Huge and crazy interesting city, with which hardly any other city in the USA and on the whole planet can be compared. It is very difficult to describe New York in a few words. But, if you want to get into the most sleepless metropolis, if you dreamed of walking along such familiar streets where "Sex and the City", "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "Autumn in New York" and hundreds or even thousands of favorite films, meet people of different nationalities and religions, you're in New York! This city charges you with energy, positive emotions and the belief that you really will succeed and you will succeed!

1. Niagara Falls

If you find yourself in New York, then organize a trip to Niagara Falls. From New York to Niagara about 5-7 hours by car or 9 hours by bus. Talk about beauty Niagara Falls I won't, you just have to see the waterfall! Instead, I will give some practical advice. Many argue that it makes no sense to look at Niagara from the United States, since the waterfall is located on the US side and is better seen from the coast of Canada. It's right! The waterfall is really better seen from the coast of Canada. But, the magical steamboat Maid of Mist goes to the waterfall, which collects passengers from both Canada and the States. Having taken a ticket for such a steamboat, you swim right up to the waterfall and see everything perfectly!

1. Washington

Since you're on the east coast, don't miss a trip to the capital! However, before the trip, study the information about the museums in the city. If you are not a big fan of museums, then one day is enough for you - you will visit the Capitol, walk along the national alley to George Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial, look White House and this, in principle, may be enough. If, while preparing for the trip, you realized that you are interested in several museums in the capital, then do not hesitate and take 2 days for Washington - one for attractions, the second for museums.

1. Miami

Sunbathe on one of the beaches Miami Beach dream lovers beach holiday worldwide! And those who love hot and cool parties dream of getting to one of them in Miami - a city where the fun never ends. Even in Miami, there is no winter, the ocean is always warm here, unlike the west coast, where you can swim "without pain" only in southern California. And yet, many cruises to exotic islands begin their journey in Miami.

1. Orlando

Orlando is a beautiful city in the state of Florida, in which Disney World and Universal Studio Park. Not worth considering Disney World like a park for kids. In this magical place, everyone becomes a child, including adult uncles and aunts. Both parks have a huge number of attractions and entertainment. The difference is that Disney rides are based on popular Disney cartoons and films, while Universal Studio rides are based on popular films from Universal Studios. Choose what you like best and go on an adventure.

1. Florida Keys

Florida Keys - a chain of small islands in the south of the United States, connected by one large bridge. The color of the water here is "from the advertisement of the bounty", the atmosphere of complete relaxation and bliss is very quiet, calm and peaceful. Spend time on one of the beaches of the Florida Keys, take a tour on a glass-bottom boat, get acquainted with the most beautiful underwater world atlantic ocean. And of course, rent a cabriolet and drive to Key West - the most Southern City USA and enjoy the sunset!

US West Coast

1. Los Angeles

If you are planning your trip to Los Angeles, I strongly recommend that you rent a car. Because despite the fact that Los Angeles is a city, it is very difficult to get around by public transport.

In Los Angeles, you can organize a very interesting and rich program. Go to the famous beach Santa Monica. If you are lucky, you can even swim in the ocean - if the water is warm or if you are not afraid of cold temperatures. You can also go to DisneyLand or park Universal. Universal is in the city itself, DisneyLand is 30 minutes south of Los Angeles.

Of course, you should take a walk along Hollywood Boulevard along the Avenue of Stars, go to the inscription Hollywood, drive around Beverly Hills, take a tour of celebrity homes, or visit the theater where the Oscars take place.

1. San Francisco

San Francisco - special, cozy and very sunny city. Be sure to take a walk Pier 39 eat fish soup Clam Chowder and watch the lazy fur seals sunbathing right by the pier. Be sure to ride the famous tram along the steep slopes of the city, and walk down the steepest street in the world - Lombard street. And of course, take a walk to the Golden Gate Bridge and take pictures with the real symbol of the city.

1. Las Vegas

Everything is very simple. Do you want to get rich fast? Go to Las Vegas! If you don't like gambling - just walk around the casino and get acquainted with this huge industry. Be sure to wander around the night Las Vegas, it shines like a Christmas tree. Visit several shows, including singing fountains. Well, if you want extreme sports, then go to a cool attraction on the roof of the Stratosphere tower.

1. Grand Canyon

The beauty and uniqueness of this place is hard to forget! They are admired even by those who have never been here! There are many ways to spend time in the Grand Canyon. You can take a walking tour or book a helicopter tour of the Grand Canyon and enjoy all the beauty of this place from a bird's eye view (I highly recommend it by the way)

1. redwood park

This is the place where the bigger and thicker sequoia trees grow! Some trees are so large that a car can easily drive through them, and to hug such a tree, you will need a company of 10-15 people. This is an incredibly beautiful and green place where you can truly understand the greatness, strength and beauty of nature.

Many experienced travelers say that the US West Coast is a completely different America. People here are more relaxed, the atmosphere inclines more towards spending money than earning it. There is no bustle of New York or Chicago, pathos of Boston or Philadelphia, but there is the natural beauty of countless national parks, the sophistication of San Francisco, the gloss of Los Angeles and the recklessness of Las Vegas. The influence of Hispanic culture on the West Coast of the United States is much stronger than on the East Coast, one can even say that Spanish is the second language here after English, which is freely spoken locals. But even on the West Coast itself, the USA has its own cultural differences. For example, in Seattle, the influence of Mexican traditions is not felt as much as, say, in San Diego. The climate also varies considerably from north to south. Despite the fact that from Los Angeles to San Francisco is only half an hour, the air temperature can be very different: when leaving the city of angels in a T-shirt, do not forget to grab a long-sleeved sweater for windy San Francisco.

1.Seattle

Seattle is located in the state of Washington and is a major seaport. Stretched between the Pacific bay and the lake, in close proximity from the Cascade Mountains, Seattle in the US has great recreational facilities. Many city dwellers prefer to go out into nature for the weekend, especially since the nature in these places is so rich and diverse: someone goes to the Olympic Peninsula to breathe in the sea air and participate in numerous cultural events held here, someone goes fishing to Lake Washington or Sammamish, and someone goes to the mountains in the summer to engage in hiking and rock climbing, in the winter to snowboard. Seattle itself in the United States is spread over several hills, which is why each area has a significant self-sufficiency. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the "city of neighborhoods". Perhaps the most famous landmark of the city is the tower « Space Needle", made in the form of a kind of needle, going into the sky. On cloudless days, from the Space Needle you can see not only the outskirts of the city, but even the Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier and Eliot Bay. The tower is open daily from 10.00 to 21.30. You can buy tickets online on the official website, a single ticket for an adult will cost $22.

In addition to the Space Needle, the city center is literally filled with skyscrapers: this is the Smith Tower, the Columbia Center, and the Washington Mutual Tower. Seattle in the USA successfully combines the architecture of futurism, however, it cannot be called concrete and soulless, because. the city is surrounded by dense evergreen forests, and in the city itself there are many green park areas. No wonder the unofficial name of Seattle is the Emerald City. During the year, the city hosts many festivals and cultural events, so tourists often time their visit to these events. Seattle hosts an annual international film festival, folklore festival, Bon Odori dance events, food battles, and numerous nautical-themed sports competitions. Of the entertainments operating annually, one can name Art Museum Seattle and Woodland Zoo.

Tiffany Von Arnim/flickr

2.Lake Tahoe

The length of this amazing fresh lake is as much as 35 km! It is the 11th deepest lake in the world! Most of it is located in California in the Sierra Nevada region. Surrounded by coniferous forests and wet meadows, Lake Tahoe has a unique microclimate. The city closest to the lake is Carson City, from which it is most convenient to plan your trip. by the most beautiful places on Lake Tahoe are Emerald Bay on the west side and Secret Beach on the Nevada side. Both of these sights are included in the 270-kilometer circular tourist route. It is worth coming here both in summer and in winter. In the summer, sailing is developed here, many competitions are held. Parasailing and scuba diving are also popular here.

Ridge Tahoe Resort Hotel/flickr

3.Yosemite

Yosemite National Park is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States. It is not surprising, because at 3000 sq. km stretched rocky mountains, dense forests, giant sequoias, waterfalls, fields, lakes, groves and numerous species of animals and birds. A trip to Yosemite is a favorite activity for local American families on vacation or vacation. The park was also chosen by tourists, here is a well-developed transport infrastructure. If it is not possible to take a car (and many Americans take cars with trailers), then from the nearest towns of Merced, El Portal, Mariposa they go to Yosemite Valley Shuttle Buses. The park itself can also be explored on special free shuttle buses, however, they run only in the summer. The most popular places for travelers to visit the park are Yosemite Valley, waterfalls and Glacier Point.

Yosemite Valley is a huge meadow surrounded by rocky mountains. From the valley, you can climb to the two-stage Yosemite Falls, whose height is more than 500 meters in total. Also in the valley is located of interest to tourists mirror lake, in the waters of which the very rocks surrounding the valley are reflected. In addition to the Yosemite Falls, there are several other slightly smaller waterfalls in the valley - Nevada, Vernal, Ribbon, Bridalveil. You can look at the valley from a height by climbing observation deck Glacier Point, from here the valley with waterfalls is visible at a glance. The trails around Yosemite Valley are perhaps the most popular and are easily accessible both by car and by boat. free buses. To look at the giant sequoias, you need to enter the park from its south side. The sequoia grove is located near the settlement of Wawona.

Luca Castellazzi/flickr

4.Sequoia Park

Sequoia National Park is located in California on the southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains and is known for its giant sequoias. Some of the specimens are considered the largest trees on Earth. The largest of them is the General Sherman tree, the second largest is General Grant. You can visit Sequoia Park all year round, you can get to the park by private car along 2 routes - the main route No. 180 and the southwestern route No. 198. Special shuttles also run here, this option is suitable for those who are not driving.

Shuttles run from nearby cities - Visalia and Three Rivers. This trip will cost $15. It is advisable to book places in shuttles in advance on the official website, because. There are always many people who want to. There are free shuttles inside Sequoia Park. On these free buses you can drive along 5 different routes inside the park. It will be useful to use the official website also because every year a schedule of days is posted there on which admission to the park is free. On other days, entry to Sequoia Park by car will cost $ 20, individual entrance - $ 10.

Gilad Rom/flickr

5. San Francisco

People come from San Francisco for various reasons: someone wants to be in an atmosphere of free views and morals, someone is attracted by the romance of the fogs rising over the Golden Gate Bridge, someone has long dreamed of taking a walk in the Western Addition area, where friends huddled closely to a friend at home in the Victorian style, but someone decided to see modern America, since in San Francisco there is a huge quarter of Soma skyscrapers. Coming to the city, you need to remember that San Francisco, despite its friendliness towards tourists, is a metropolis with a population of up to 8 million people, which makes orientation in the city very problematic, at least at first. Most The best way to navigate is to understand the local zoning system. San Francisco is divided into 14 districts.

The most noteworthy for tourists will be the Golden Gate areas (it is from the embankments of the Marina District, Pacific Heights and Cow Hollow that the best views to the Golden Gate Bridge), Fisherman Wharf (the so-called fishing pier, where sightseeing boats leave for Alcatraz Island and where there are many sea restaurants), Nob Hill ( historic district, where those same cable trams run), it may be interesting for someone to look into the colorful Chinatown area, and for someone, on the contrary, in Union Square, the financial center of the city, Western Addition (an area of ​​Victorian buildings), Heights (former hippie area), Ocean Beach (neighborhood famous beach near the Golden Gate Bridge, popular with surfers). To complete the cultural program, it is worth going to the Museum of Modern Art or the Museum of Fine Arts, each of them has its own noteworthy collection. A popular entertainment for city residents is visiting various fairs and festivals. Carnival, the Lovefest Rave, the Castro Street Fair, the Union Street Art Festival, the Haight-Ashbury Fair and much more are held here every year.

Tim Dickey/flickr

6.Los Angeles

The City of Angels is the second largest metropolitan area in the United States and is considered a recognized center for film and television production. The city is located on the coast of Santa Monica Bay and is surrounded by small mountain ranges, which makes the microclimate of Los Angeles unique. A mild climate prevails here for most of the year, with the vast majority of sunny days a year. However, the city is located in a seismically active zone due to the San Andreas Fault, which runs through the city. Los Angeles has an extremely complex zoning system. The districts are scattered, there is simply no city center in its traditional sense, plus there are many satellite towns around Los Angeles, which some already consider to be areas of the city itself. In total, there are about 80 districts on the territory of the metropolis!

Neil Kremer/flickr

The West Coast of the USA is an original region of the USA, the contrasts are amazing. Differences in climatic conditions, ethnic composition, natural conditions make the region unique and unlike anything else. The lifestyle here is more leisurely than on East coast, here people pay more attention to their physical form, active species recreation, all kinds of entertainment. It is worth coming here at least once in your life to feel the spirit of freedom and tolerance, see the beauty of the Pacific coast, take a walk in unique national parks, relax on the beaches of Los Angeles and recharge with the solar energy of California.

Practical and eventful travels for you!

They mostly evoke associations with skyscrapers towering over the canyons of noisy streets crowded with cars and crowds of people. This is partly true. But the Wild West, even in the twenty-first century, still bears the imprint of that wild land and "one-story America" ​​that westerns show. Outside of several huge centers of civilization such as Las Vegas, San Francisco, Los Angeles and others, there are endless prairies, dense forests, mountains and canyons. And the Indians? They are also present. Some communities prefer the old way of life, which brings a certain flavor to visiting their reservations. In this article, we will virtual journey along the west coast of the USA. We will cover several thousand kilometers, having traveled from Alaska in the north to California in the south (without passing through the territory of Canada).

What territories are considered to be the west coast of the United States

Oddly enough, there is no consensus on this matter. For example, the Sierra Nevada, the Mojave Desert, is considered to be on the west coast. Arizona and Nevada do not have access to the Pacific Ocean. But they are also referred to as the west coast, because they have strong climatic and cultural influences from states such as Washington, Oregon and California. Hawaii is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on all sides. But the archipelago is not adjacent to the mainland North America. Alaska has no land border with the rest of the country. By its location on the map, it can be compared with Kaliningrad region Russia. And, although the main states on the west coast of the United States are California, Washington and Oregon, Alaska can also be included in their number. Let's start our virtual journey from the very north.

Sights of Alaska

North- West Coast The USA is the edge of the harsh polar region and is the largest state in the country. Its area is one million and seven hundred odd thousand square kilometers. The United States go to the far north primarily for extreme sports and communication with wildlife. The last one here is more than enough. After all, in addition to the mainland, the state of Alaska also includes completely wild or semi-inhabited Pribylova, the Alexander archipelago, St. Lawrence. The "Gold Rush" did little to change the landscapes of this northern region. People come here to watch the polar lights, ride through the narrow fjords, conquer the mountain peaks covered with glaciers. also known as the Land of the Midnight Sun, is Juneau. But the most visited city by tourists is Anchorage. People go to Juneau to get acquainted with the life of gold miners of the nineteenth century. And in order to touch the culture of local Indian tribes, they head to the city of Ketchikan. But the main wealth of Alaska is its natural parks. The most famous is Denali. On its vast territory is located and highest point peninsula - Mount McKinley. Other notable National parks- these are Wrangel, Glacier Bay and Kenai Fjord.

Washington state

Now let's move through the territory of Canada to the west coast of the United States. In its very north, we are met by the forty-second state of the country - Washington. The capital of the territorial entity is Olympia, but largest city- Seattle. In Washington, as well as in Alaska, people go for natural beauties. The most famous national reserve is the "Olympic" in the northwest of the state. visiting this natural park can be compared to a journey into a fairy tale. There are mountains and waterfalls, alpine lakes and crystal streams, a unique Hoh rainforest and a long sea coast. Needless to say, all these landscapes are inhabited by an amazing variety of wild fauna? Another place most visited by tourists is the stratovolcano Rainier. Its slopes are also included in the natural park of the same name.

US West Coast: Cities. Seattle

Among virgin forests and endless prairies, like islands in a boundless sea, there are urban agglomerations. Seattle is one of them. The population of the city itself is over six hundred thousand people. Seattle is also a major seaport. It is located on the shores of the Puget Sound. In the east of the city lies the picturesque Lake Washington. And behind it the Rocky Mountains begin, which, like a magnet, attract climbers. There are two must-see attractions in Seattle. The Space Needle is calling card cities. It was built in 1962 and was the tallest building in Seattle until the seventy-six-story Calambia Center was built in 1985. At the Pike Place Market seafood market, you can buy not only Pacific shrimp and lobster, but also see the performance of singers, street actors and clowns. Under the Washington Bridge, you should see the Fremont Troll holding a real Volkswagen in his hands.

Oregon

We move south and leave the borders of the state of Washington. The West Coast of the United States continues with Oregon. By tradition, the state capital is the small town of Salem. And the largest metropolis is Portland. also offers tourists many natural beauties. These are Mount Hood and Deschats national parks with the Newberry volcano. Tourists are attracted by the Rocky Mountains, which stretch from north to south along the west coast of the United States. To the east of this ridge, at an altitude of more than one thousand two hundred meters, stretches the "Oregon Desert" - very arid lands. And, in addition, the state will delight beach lovers with sandbanks and shores, bays and secluded coves between the rocks.

California

The West Coast of the United States completes this sunny state in the south. It is the longest along the Pacific Ocean. And, we add, the most filled with a variety of attractions. Here are such world-famous urban agglomerations as Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Diego, Hollywood. It is also the birthplace of Disneyland. The endless beaches of California are Sunbathing on the legendary Malibu, you can see whales, and take a walk in one of the many natural parks on the coast, watch the rookeries of fur seals. But even in the depths of the mainland on the territory of the state, the traveler is waiting for various attractions.

Grand Canyon, Death Valley, Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, Route 66

The first sight is known all over the world. The Grand Canyon stretches for four hundred and forty kilometers. Its beauty cannot be described in words - it must be seen!

Death Valley is the lowest point on the mainland (eighty-six meters below sea level), the driest and hottest. In summer, +57 C is observed here! During the year, 40 mm of precipitation falls in Death Valley, while in the Sahara - 384 mm.

The name of the park "Sequoia" speaks for itself. Here you can see not just huge trees, but real giants. "Here God has surpassed himself" - this is said about the park "Yosemite". You will not find such a variety of flora and fauna species anywhere else.

The east - west coast of the United States is still connected by the legendary road number 66. Every American dreams of driving it from beginning to end (almost four thousand kilometers). The highway links Los Angeles with Chicago.

City of angels and sins

The West Coast of the United States in California is famous for cities such as Hollywood, the capital of the gambling industry, Las Vegas, and San Francisco. In Los Angeles, you should definitely visit the museum at the Universal film studio, and if you are traveling with children, the very first Disneyland in the world. In Las Vegas, it's hard not to stop by some casinos. And, of course, you just need to walk along the Walk of Fame, where stars dedicated to Hollywood celebrities are laid out under your feet.

Little is needed
lipstick kiss,
Coast of Nevada,
And coffee glass...

Jensen walked slowly down the blindingly white corridors of a private clinic in New York. His legs didn't work well, and Jensen's head was so messed up that it was hard for Jensen to figure out where he should go at all. He left the corridor and found himself in a spacious, round room with a reception desk, behind which stood a nice secretary girl. Ackles couldn't remember if he saw her when he came here, but the girl looked up at him and her face lit up with a white-toothed smile:

Hello, Mr. Eccles, - the beauty sang.

Oh, you know, my sister loves you so much, maybe you will agree to give her an autograph?

Jensen nodded and walked to the counter on wobbly legs. The girl handed him a piece of paper and a pen.

What is her name, your sister? Jens muttered.

“Dear Cassie, never get sick and always be happy. Jensen Ackles - naughty fingers struggled to draw letters. Jens looked at his creation and handed the paper to the secretary, whose badge bore the name Sarah. The girl looked at him lovingly.

Thank you sir.

Jens nodded and moved towards the exit.

Come again, - Sarah's iridescent voice reached him.

Jensen nodded again without looking back and left the clinic. He hardly found a car in the parking lot, which he rented, so as not to shine too much. A simple, silver Volkswagen stood alone in a corner, as if trying not to stand out. Ackles clumsily climbed inside and froze, unsure of what to do. The emptiness that appeared in the chest pressed on the lungs, preventing air from entering them. Jens wrapped his arms around himself and cringed. And suddenly he began to sob like a child, not holding back groans and sobs. He was shaking with sobs and could not stop, with tears came a sense of doom and hopelessness. Ackles couldn't calm down, the T-shirt on his chest was soaked and stuck to his skin. As the tears dried, Jens felt an endless numbness come over him. He just sat, staring at one point, and swayed from side to side. His strength failed him and he collapsed into the seat next to him, staring up at the gray sky that hung over New York like leaden clouds. "I'm sorry, Mr. Ackles," Jens chuckled bitterly. And how sorry he is.

The malaise began when they were filming the third season of Supernatural. Jens quickly got tired, lost a lot of weight, often had a headache. Even Jared began to notice that Ackles seemed to be just wrapped in leather, his cheekbones were so pointed. The bruises under the eyes of the make-up artist had to cover up with a thick layer of tonalka. Jensen would barely make it to the end of the work day, and then he would just collapse onto the bed exhaustedly and fall asleep. I didn’t want to eat, I just wanted to sleep-sleep-sleep.
Ackles tried desperately to hide his ailments, confident that it was all about schedule, routine and nerves. But Jared continued to look anxiously at his stage partner - he was the only one who noticed that something was happening to Jen.

One day, Jensen was walking down the steps to get out of the trailer, his vision darkened, his knees gave way, and he fell into a black void. He woke up from the fact that someone carefully carried him in his arms. Jens looked up and saw Jared's tense face. The guy dragged him to the doctor's office. Jens twitched slightly.

Padalecki, let me go.

Jared froze and looked at him fearfully, a look of relief instantly appearing on his face.

You have come to your senses! the young man whispered happily, not letting go of Jens.

Put me on the ground, you moron, I'm not your bride! Ackles hissed angrily, pulling away.

Jared complied with his request and gently lowered him to a hard surface. Jens staggered and was forced to grab onto Padalecki's shoulder. The ground beneath my feet swayed in a merry dance.

Ackles wanted to say something sarcastic and caustic, but he desperately held on to his "brother's" shirt. There was a fog in his eyes and Jensen was afraid that he was going to faint again. He no longer resisted when Jar picked him up again and carried him into the cool room. Ackles just closed his eyes, trying to focus on Jared's voice so he wouldn't lose touch with reality. The latter was explaining something to the doctor, although it was very difficult for Jens to catch the words, he just listened to the timbre of the voice, catching notes of panic in the naturally soft voice of a friend. Then the crook of his elbow burned, and Jens departed into the arms of Morpheus.

He came to on a hard couch. I tried to move my right hand, but I couldn't - something was holding it back. The guy turned his head and saw a drip reaching for his limb. Ackles relaxed and thought about Jared. Well, I ran into him because of my stupid pride. Jared is a true friend, never let him down, Jens could trust him. And Padalecki sincerely tried to help, and Jens was so afraid of looking ridiculous and weak that he began to be rude, trying to hide his insignificance behind rudeness. It will be necessary to apologize and take Jar somewhere to have lunch, Padalecki loves to eat well, so you should arrange a belly feast for him.

Jen was so daydreaming that he didn't notice the doctor enter the office. He sat down next to Jensen, checked his drip, and coughed to get his attention. Ackles shuddered and smiled shyly.

Sorry, I'm just...

Nothing, - the doctor smiled professionally in response, but his eyes remained serious. Jensen, how long have you been feeling unwell? Do you often lose consciousness?

The first time, sir, - Ackles frowned - what did Jar say to the doctor? “What makes you think I don’t feel well?”

The Doctor cleared his throat.

Well, even outward signs: you are pale, there is a clear weight loss, it is clear that you, sorry, of course, are not in best form. And your friend said that you get tired quickly, you eat little. Plus loss of consciousness. I don't want to scare you, but... Jensen, have you been to the doctor lately? Have you been tested for a long time?

Ackles figured out when last time visited the clinic where his doctor worked.

Maybe a year ago... I don't remember exactly...

Mr. Eccles, I would advise you to see a doctor. As soon as possible.

Jensen peered into the doctor's face, trying to decipher the impenetrable expression. He didn't succeed. But to the doctor
went straight the next day.

In New York, I had to stay for three days while all the tests were being prepared. Jens tried to go through the doctors to the maximum, hoping to find out the cause of the ailment. The doctor called three days later and asked to come.

Jensen walked into the office with the confidence that his predictions would come true, and they would tell him to stick to the regimen, be less nervous, eat right and all that. Jens knocked and entered the office. At the table, in an armchair, sat a man in his fifties. He was writing something, but at Jensen's knock he raised his head and put the papers aside.

Ah, Mr. Eccles, come in.

Good afternoon sir.

Kind, - the man wearily rubbed his temples and folded his hands in the castle in front of him. Your tests have arrived. Jensen, I'm so sorry...

Goosebumps ran down Ackles' back.

Jensen, do you know what leukemia is?

Ackles swallowed and nodded.

We ran some more tests while we had your biological material... Jensen, unfortunately, you have acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The disease process develops very quickly, leukocytes are affected ...

I mean, is it serious?

The doctor leaned back in his chair and looked at Jensen sympathetically.

We can give you chemotherapy, radiotherapy, but... Jensen, I hate to tell you this, but your chances of recovery are practically zero. I'm sorry.

Jensen is petrified. He lowered his head and looked only at his boots. They sat in silence for five minutes. The doctor did not distract Jensen from his thoughts. But Ackles just struggled to process what had just happened. Finally, he raised his head and asked hoarsely:

I will be able to maintain… that is, I will be able to survive?

I won't hide anything from you. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy will only give you a couple of months. Transplantation will give a little more
time, but while you recover after it ... Moreover, it has its own nuances. Chemotherapy also does not involve an easy struggle. I have no right to advise you. You yourself must decide how to proceed.

Jensen stood up, swayed, and grabbed the back of his chair.

Mr Ackles?

Everything is fine. I'll let you know my decision, okay? Jensen felt like another second and he wouldn't even be able to speak.

Of course. I'm sorry, Mr. Eccles.

Thank you sir.

Jensen left the office, leaving all his plans for the future and hopes in it.

He woke up in the same car, in the parking lot near the clinic. The sky darkened, dusk fell on the city. Jensen pulled out his phone and dialed a familiar number with a trembling hand. There were two beeps on the line. When the phone was picked up:

Jens? How do you? What did the doctor say? Jared didn't even say hello.

Can you come? Jensen asks hoarsely, clutching the phone until his knuckles turn white.

Of course Jen, of course!

Emerald Hotel, number seven hundred and ten. Come quickly, - there were notes of plea in his voice, for which Jensen wanted to curse himself.

Okay – okay, Jens, what…. Jensen hit the end button and closed his eyes.

The phone was silent, Jared didn't call back. Maybe he thought Jensen was drunk and now suffering from loneliness.
Ackles got up and started the car. The steady roar of the engine eased some of the despair that overwhelmed him. It seemed that by car he could go to the ends of the world, where there would be no cancer and hopelessness. Jens pulled out of the parking lot and drove around the streets. In any case, Jar will not come here until tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. He still has plenty of time to say goodbye to his life.

Jens traveled through the city at night, watching the merry groups of people entering bars and leaving clubs. He forgot that today is Friday. The city was filled with light. How can you feel so abandoned in a city with a population of over a million? Jens knew the answer. He went deeper into the labyrinth of streets, where there were fewer people. Half an hour later, Ackles was on the outskirts, slowed down at some store and got out of the car.

There was no one in the shop, except for a bored guy behind the counter. He didn't even notice Jensen. And Jens walked through the narrow aisles, took three bottles of some crappy drink and wandered to the cashier. The guy did not peer into his face, just looked at his figure with a bored look and broke through all three bottles. Jens laid out the money and left, leaving the change to the boy. And only then the boy showed at least some interest in him. He stared at the strange customer's back, then chuckled and slipped ten dollars into a plastic box that showed a little kid with wet blue eyes and a blond wispy hair on top of his head. The boy had bone cancer.

Jens got to coastline and stopped the car. He climbed out and breathed in the damp air. He took out his three bottles from the passenger seat and walked along the unlit pier. It was empty here too. The beach is dead. The wind from the ocean blew open space. Salt spray reached the face. Jensen sat on the edge of the pier and dangled his legs. The jeans were wet, but he only opened the first bottle and took a sip. Throat burned, but Jensen continued to slurp greedily nasty swill. He looked up from the bottle and looked up at the sky. A myriad of stars twinkled with promise, as if begging to reach out and touch them. The soles of my boots were licked by the waves. Jensen put down the bottle and looked into the dark distance. This is how the future seemed to him now. All plans, hopes, dreams - all this collapsed under the onslaught of a three-letter word. CRAYFISH. Career just took off. He was happy to do what he loved, he was recognized on the street. The most beautiful girls wanted to spend at least one night with him. But the fairy tale quickly ended, faced with reality. Of course it does. It's just life. But Jensen was very bitter. He didn't want to die, he wasn't ready. He didn't get to do so much. Jensen raised his head to the stars and screamed. Night swallowed the cry of despair.

The awakening did not start in the most successful way - my head hurt insanely, and someone was pounding on the door. Plus, Jensen has absolutely no memory of how he got to the hotel, or how he wasn't stopped for drunk driving at all because his condition after yesterday's alcohol left much to be desired. Jensen slid off the bed and felt his way to the door. As soon as the lock clicked, Jared burst into his room. The boy grabbed his shoulders and shook him hard.

Are you kidding me?! I couldn't call you! You did not answer the phone, you did not open the door for so long! Yes, and after that call!... Yes, I thought something happened to you! Padalecki's cheeks were flushed as his hands continued to grip Jensen's shoulders.

Ackles felt a lump in his throat, swallowed hard and turned away. Will he have time to take Jar to dinner, as he wanted just a couple of days ago? ..

Jensen? – hands unclenched. - What happened? Tell me what the doctor told you?

Oh, Jar... I don't know...

What happened to you?

Jensen raised his head and looked into the green eyes opposite him, there was excitement in them, and fear lurked in the depths. Padalecki's lips were tightly compressed, his body tense. Ackles moved away from him and approached the window - behind the glass lived the ever-awake New York.

I have leukemia,” Jens managed. It was the first time he said it out loud. And the realization hit him like an unbearable burden. – And it is incurable in my case.

The guy saw Jared's reflection lower its arms and stare at him with translucent eyes in shock.

Jens... But how?...

That's it, Jar. Simple and very common.

No no no! Leukemia is being treated, we will find good doctors, Jens, you have a young body, you can handle it! Is there chemotherapy...

So what? She'll give me a few months, and then I'll still mind...leave. No, Jar, I don't want that. What's the difference, a month or two? I want to just... Just forget about it.

Padalecki was silent. Then he walked through the room, weaving his long fingers through his hair, and sat down on a chair, his head in his hands. Jensen watched him through the glass. After a minute, Jared spoke up.

So, what is next? What are you planning to do? How... how will you live this time?
Ackles did not answer, he looked at the cars rushing below, at the people scurrying back and forth. From a height more like ants. And
The decision just came to mind. He didn't even have time to really think it through, and the words had already popped out of his mouth.

I'm going to Nevada, on the coast. My parents and I went there when I was a kid. There is a rest house "Wind Rose", we stayed there. It was always quiet and calm there, and the ocean ... There he was especially beautiful in his infinity. I just want to be there.

Jared stared at him intently, then stood up and walked over to put his head on Jen's shoulder and whispered,

And when are we going?

Do you want to go with me? Jensen chuckled. “Maybe I’ll stay there until…until the end.”

So I'll be with you until the end," Jared said calmly. “I don’t think you can convince me otherwise, so choose the day of departure and go to the coast.”

One of your most unwise decisions, why would you waste your time on such a hopeless task as waiting for the end?

Don't, Jens, don't say that. Let it be just rest. Small holidays.

If you are so calm, then please, - Jen patted Padalecki on the head.

Jared snorted and walked away, took out his phone and started ordering tickets.

Jensen smiled. Still, Jared deserved a good meal.

A week later, Jasen came down the gangplank, breathing in the hot Nevada air. Jared, who had slept all the way, looked a bit rumpled, but kept up with his friend. There were few people on the plane, at this time of the year people practically did not fly to Nevada. And those who flew, most likely, returned home. Jens looked at palm trees with broad paws, high buildings seen in the distance. He froze at the airport window, looking at the blue stripe on the horizon. My heart skipped a beat, breathing became a little easier.

Went? Otherwise, we'll be at the end of the line,” Jared called.

Jensen himself insisted that they travel like any other passenger. A small crowd had already gathered at the passport control desk. Ackles and Jar trailed behind a plump woman in a pink tracksuit. Tired passengers did not pay attention to them, they merged with the crowd.

The man at the counter checked their passports, if he recognized famous actors in the guys, he did not give himself away. in one movement. After passport control, a luggage belt was waiting for them. Jens spotted his suitcase right away, with a ribbon tied to the handle the way Mom used to do so she wouldn't lose her luggage in a pile of identical suitcases. The guy deftly pulled the suitcase off the tape, although it was quite heavy. Jared, who rushed to help, did not have time and sarcastically remarked:

You are too strong for a patient.

Ackles snorted. For some reason, it was easy to joke with Jared about his illness, or rather, it was not so bitter. Maybe because Jar didn't treat him like he was sick?...

Jared removed his suitcase and pushed Jensen on the shoulder.

Well, can we go?

Sorry I recent times constantly in his thoughts, - Jens smiled softly and rolled the suitcase to the exit.

Half an hour later, a taxi brought them to a small, shabby house on which hung a faded Wind Rose sign. Jared shook his head in disbelief, but didn't say anything. The boys entered a cool room, a fan humming lazily from the ceiling, and behind the reception desk an older woman, who seemed to be the same one who had worked there when Jens had been here as a child, was reading a book. Noticing the guests, she jumped up and smiled affably, coquettishly straightening her hair:

Young people! Welcome to Rose of the Winds!

Hello, - Jens smiled too. “Tell me, do you still have rooms available?”

Yes, as much as you like, - the woman threw up her hands. “There are no other guests besides Mr. Jingle. It’s not the season, you know, and even lately it’s rare for anyone to come here, everyone wants an unusual and active holiday.

Behind Ackles, Padalecki snorted. Jen tried to step on his foot, but the friend jumped back in time.

Would you like a room with two beds or…?” The woman squinted slyly at Jared.

Jens blushed and shook his head.

No no! With two please!

Of course, you know our schedule?

Breakfast from 6:30 to 10, lunch from 1:00 to 2:00, dinner from 7:00 to 10:00, during breaks there is a bar where you can drink coffee, tea and have a snack. Here are brochures for you, they indicate local attractions, bus schedules to the city and nearby restaurants, if you want to eat outside the hotel, - the hostess handed them brochures. – Fill out the forms, after that you will receive the key.

The boys sat down at one of the small tables in the lobby. Jens filled out the questionnaire faster and was now looking around. Yes, the hotel looked shabby, but everything seemed so familiar that he again felt like a healthy boy who had his whole life ahead of him, with all sorts of adventures and mysteries.

Their room was on the second floor, Jared hauling both suitcases with him, ignoring Jensen's protests. The room was clean, although even here it was clear that now the hotel was not better times. The ocean was visible from the window. Jens flung open the window, and the curtains fluttered in a warm wind with a faint taste of salt.

Finally, his soul came to some kind of state of rest.

Jensen sat in the chair with his feet in the water. The ocean was calm today. He was soothing with his blue, and gentle waves licked Ackles's legs. Jens was reading his favorite book and enjoying the warm breeze. The sun was hidden behind the clouds, so there was no hell, as always at this time of the year. Someone sank into the sand next to Jen's chair. Ackles turned to his neighbor and smiled - Jared. The guy looked at the clear horizon, where the ocean merged with the sky, he had a mug in his hands. He handed one to Jensen. Ackles put down the book and took the warm glass in his hands, inhaling the delicious smell:

What's this?

Coffee. Glass is called. Pete from the bar said it was the tastiest thing he could cook.

Jens nodded and leaned over the cup, savoring the aroma of the drink. He took a sip of the fragrant warmth and closed his eyes in pleasure.

They've been here for two weeks now. Jensen couldn't tell if his health had worsened or if the disease was taking new frontiers, devouring his body. He called the doctor already from here and said that he did not intend to be treated. The doctor said that it was his choice, but if he still decides to start treatment, he will be happy to help. Jens thanked the man, and immediately deleted the phone number after the call. He won't need it anymore anyway.

Are you sure you don't want to tell your family? Jared's voice interrupted his memories.

No. I do not want them to mess with me, let them live better and enjoy life.

But as?...

How will you explain to them that I'm gone? Say you drowned, - Jens looked at Padalecki and, seeing the expression on his face, immediately corrected himself. - Joke. Tell everything like it is. About leukemia, about my unwillingness to be treated and all that.

It's somehow wrong.

Jar, don't, okay? I don't want to ruin their lives. They will think that they will not see me soon, they will treat me like a disabled person ... I don’t want, I don’t want to torment them and myself.

Let's go to a restaurant tonight, shall we? Pete suggested me one fish, not far from here.

Let's go, - and Jens returned to the book. He simply stared at the page without understanding the words.

Jared still tried not to burden him once again, always worried about his well-being. Jens sometimes didn't know what to say. He still did not want to eat, his head still hurt, it seems that he lost a few more kilograms. But there was a plus - he no longer lost consciousness.

Something tickled his finger and Ackles looked up. A bright blue butterfly sat on her thumb. Jared was also looking at her and suddenly smiled at Jens.

Good sign, buddy, butterflies don't come to just anyone.

Jensen and Jared are walking along a road that runs along the ocean. The murmur of the waves caressed the ear. Jens was almost out of touch with reality, imagining himself riding those waves. But if he could actually take a dip in the water, he wouldn't be able to swim even a kilometer. Jared made him fill his belly with perfectly cooked fish, salad, and a slice of apple pie for dessert. So now it was hard for Ackles to just walk.

Let's go to the beach, shall we? he suddenly suggested.

Jared nodded and took off his sneakers and socks. Ackles followed suit. It was nice to walk barefoot on the sand. He had not yet cooled down and pleasantly pricked the skin. Jensen sat down at the water's edge and leaned on his hands. Jared lay down on the sand and sighed. Jens thought for a second, removed his hands and settled down on the soft sand next to Jar so that their heads almost touched.

The stars are so bright here,” Jared whispered.

Yes, it's beautiful. I wonder if there really is life there?

Of course there is,” Padalecki said confidently. – I am sure that such beautiful stars and planets cannot be empty.

Do you know that many of them no longer exist, and we still see their light? Their light still continues to inspire artists, poets, although the stars themselves have died.

There was silence for a second. And then Jens suddenly said:

Do you think I'll inspire someone when I'm gone?

Ackles for the first time dared to talk about his illness so directly. Jar let out a strangled groan.

Jared? Jens pushed himself up on his elbows in alarm.

Padalecki's face twisted painfully, and wet paths ran from his eyes.

Jar, what are you doing?

I don't want you to die! I don't, Jensen! I don't know what to do, it's so scary that I can't save you! Believe me, I would give anything if only you were alive, - the guy jumped up and grabbed Jens by the hands. - I'm so sorry that I lost so much time ... I could ... - the guy stuttered, lowered his head and sobbed.

What, Jar? Jensen asked softly. “I am very touched by what you just said….

I love you Jensen... Now tell me, was it worth waiting until you were so close to the end to tell you this?...

Ackles froze, digesting what Jared meant. And Jared looked into his eyes, smearing angry tears down his cheeks with one hand. His other hand continued to squeeze Jensen's wrist.

I'm so afraid of losing you, Jensen, I should not have such strength to constantly fight in hysterics, afraid that tomorrow I might wake up without you! You don't understand, I don't see this mythical "tomorrow" without you! How to live if you don't call me anymore, don't make me laugh? How can I live without your smile, without your eyes? Jared couldn't hold back anymore, and his words were interrupted by sobs. “I was so afraid of being rejected that I wasted so much time… And now it’s gone… I don’t know what to do, Jens…”

Jared, Jensen froze in shock.

He looked at the man shaking in sobs, and his heart contracted in anguish and despair. How could he comfort Jared? Lie that everything will be fine? No, it's just not fair...

Jens, I know it's too late, but... I want to ask you... Can I...?

Jensen reached out with his arms, wrapped his arms around him, and held him tight. He rocked the sobbing Jared, hoping to take his pain for himself. He knew that what Jared was saying now was wrong. He was taught from childhood that the love of two men is something disgusting, vile and dirty ... But Jared's words did not seem vile to him, on the contrary, there was so much warmth in them, so much tenderness, in Padalecki's touches there was so much love, as such sincerity and such feelings can be disgusting?...

Suddenly, Ackles felt the warmth of someone else's palms on his face. Jared, biting his lip, held his face and looked into his eyes with his huge, incredibly green eyes, in which there were unshed tears.

Jens, we're running out of time, but please, can we at least spend what's left of us together? If you like me even a little... If you are ready to connect with a man... Let it hurt a thousand times later, but I want to be with you.

And then there was the most dizzying kiss of Jensen's life. He enjoyed someone else's lips, such a sweet, hot tongue sliding so possessively inside his mouth. Jared set him down gently on the sand and continued caressing his thin body. Padalecki unbuttoned his shirt and ran a wide hand over Jensen's sunken chest, leaning down gently and kissing the hardened nipple, sliding his lips over the skin of Jensen's neck, biting his chin lightly. At this time, his hand struggled with the lock on Ackles' jeans. Jensen arches back at the gentle touch, biting his lip to keep from moaning out loud as a hot tongue slid over the skin on his stomach. Jared was so gentle and affectionate that Jensen just melted. When Padalecki tugged at his pants and underpants, Jensen twitched and groaned in protest, hoarsely.

Don't, Jared... No...

Don't be afraid, it's okay, Jenny, I love you... - Jared found his hands and intertwined their fingers.

What happened next, Jensen couldn't remember, it was just crazy flashes of pleasure and endless pleasure. He had never been caressed so lovingly and reverently. He groaned out loud, and all he could do was mutter Jared's name in his delirium. And Padalecki didn't let go of his hand, enjoying the lean, beautiful body, trying to give Jensen as much pleasure as possible. The peak of pleasure was so intense that Jensen passed out for a second.

When he woke up, his body was trembling violently. But not from the cold, because warm arms wrapped around his body, gently swaying.

Jared caressed his back affectionately, gently touching his ribs, which clearly showed through the skin. From such affection, such endless love, Jensen suddenly burst into tears. Padlecki pressed him to him anxiously.

Jensen, what is it? What happened? Are you that uncomfortable?

No, Ackles whispered, burying his face in Jared's chest. “It’s just… It’s just that when I die, no one will love me like that anymore… And I’m so angry… I don’t want to die, Jared, I also want to please you, touch you… I also want to love you and prove my love… I I don't want to leave you, Jared, I don't! I didn’t manage to do so much,” Ackles murmured. “Now… Why did you say so late?… I wish I had more time…”

Jared cried with him, hot beads of someone else's grief dripping onto Jensen's cheeks, so close to him at that moment.

It's okay, Jens, it's okay, we'll all get through it, right? I will always love you, I promise... I swear to you, you will always be in my heart, no matter how far away you are. Nothing will make me stop loving you!

Honestly? Jens muttered weakly, lifting his tear-stained face.

Honestly! Jared kissed him passionately on the lips and held him tighter.

Jensen nods, Jared's vow somehow calming him down. He nuzzled into Padalecki's shirt and breathed in the familiar scent. Fatigue piled on the guy, he had to go through too many events and confessions today. He closed his eyes and grabbed a strong hand. "God, please, let me wake up tomorrow and see his face" - flashed through Ackles's head before he fell asleep.

Jensen's sleep is so impudently invaded by an incomprehensible melody. He tried to drive away this obsessive music from himself and return to sleep again, but the melody continued to play insistently. Ackles broke down and opened his eyes. They slept on the beach until morning, Jared's arms still holding him close. And the music continued to play. Jens lay there a little longer, trying to figure out where the source of the sound was. And what a revelation it was for him that the melody came from his pocket.

Get that damn phone already, Jens, I can't listen to this anymore," Jared muttered unintelligibly.

Ackles grinned, but pulled out his phone. An unfamiliar number popped up on the screen. Jens shrugged and pressed the green button. An excited voice rang out over the phone:

Jensen are you?

Yes, the boy said in surprise.

This is Dr. Kichman from the Kind Hard clinic, you know?

Ah, sorry, of course! Good morning Mr Kitchman!

Jensen! I have great news for you! You don't have leukemia! Those foolish nurses confused your tests with those of James Ackles! Well, you imagine, huh? We have never had anything like this, but here ... No, don’t think, they will be punished for negligence ...

Jensen wasn't listening anymore. One thought was spinning in my head - “I'm healthy! No cancer! I will live! I can be with Jared! I won't leave my family!"

But you need to come check your thyroid gland, all the symptoms that you have observed may be associated with a malfunction of the thyroid gland. It is not fatal and is easily treatable, so come and we will prescribe you a course of medication. And excuse me again!

It's all right, Mr. Kichman! Thank you, I'll visit in a few days! Goodbye.

Jensen hung up the phone and laughed happily. Padalecki, who was closely watching his reaction, stared at him in surprise.

What happened? Who called?

Jar, I won't die! Guess I won't die! Mixed up tests! I will live! - Jensen pounced on a friend and knocked
on the sand, falling from above.

He laughed and could not stop, then began to shower the face of the dumbfounded Paadlecki with kisses. Finally, it dawned on Jared, too, that Ackles' life was now safe, and he jumped to his feet, picked Jens up in his arms, and twirled him around.

Jerk! Let me go, I'm not your bride, - Jensen shouted jokingly, laughing.

So what! You won't get rid of me now, you understand that, don't you?

I understand... And you know what? To endure this stress ... It was worth it to hear that you love me ...

Do you love me, Jenny, huh?

Jensen squinted slyly.

Well, I don’t know - I don’t know ... It seems to me that we will have to repeat what happened yesterday, otherwise I somehow still haven’t made sure.
Jared growled and fell to the sand with Ackles, kissing and nibbling on his neck. Jensen has never felt so happy in his life.

The northwestern coast of North America from Yakutata Bay in the north to the river. Colombia in the south was inhabited, and partly inhabited now, by Indian tribes, the basis of whose existence was fishing and hunting. The coast ~ has a mild climate; coastal-. nye waters never freeze. There is an excess of moisture, due to which the slopes of the mountains and the valleys are covered with dense forests, which once abounded with all kinds of game. The shores are cut by fiords and rivers, rich in various species of fish, especially salmon, masses rising into the rivers during the spawning season.

The coast is separated from the mainland by the chains of the Rocky Mountains. They made it difficult for the tribes inhabiting it to communicate with the Indians of the interior of the mainland, and thus left the area in a certain isolation. Communications were maintained only along the Nassu, Skin, Lososeva, Fraser and Columbia rivers. The isolation of the territory of the Northwest Indians, close, thanks to convenient waterways messages, relations between individual tribes and the similarity of the geographical environment in which they lived, left a common imprint on their entire cultural and economic life. However, despite the common features of the economy, the culture of individual tribes had its own characteristics. The tribes also differed in language and anthropological type. Based on all these features, in American ethnography it is customary to divide all the tribes of the coast into three groups: 1) the northern one - Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian; 2) the central group of Waqash, which was divided into two subgroups - Kwakiutl and Nootka; 3) the southern group of tribes who spoke Selish languages.

The Tlingit (the Russians called them Koloshi) inhabited the southeastern outskirts of Alaska and the islands adjacent to it: Baranova, Admiralty, Chichagov, and others. From the north and east, their neighbors were the western Eskimos and Athapasky (the last they are closer in linguistic terms.

By the time the Russians arrived on the coast, the Tlingit were divided into 14 territorial tribal groups (Kuan in Tlingit), the main of which were: Yakutats, Chilkats, Sitkhs, Khunovtsy, Khutsnovtsy, Tongas 1 .

To the south of the Tlingit on the Queen Charlotte Islands and in the southern part of the Prince of Wales Island lived the Haida, divided into two groups: the Masset and the Skidegate. Part of the Haida - Kaigani, according to legend, moved 200-300 years ago to the southern regions of the Prince of Wales Island. Veniaminov ranked them among the Tlingits as Kaigan and Chasin kuans 1 . The Haida language is also classified as an Athabaskan language, although it is distinct from Tlingit. The Tsimshian lived along the northern coast of British Columbia between the Nass and Skeena rivers; they fell into three groups - gitksan, tsimshian proper and niska. In terms of language, they are close to the tribes speaking the Penuti languages.

Kwakiutli occupied eastern part Vancouver Islands and the opposite part of the coast of the mainland, where there were about 35 of their villages. Linguistically, they fell apart into proper, or southern, Kwakiutl, Heiltsuk, and Haisla.

The Nootka lived in the southwest of Vancouver Island. A small branch of the nootka poppy lived on the coast of Washington state at Cape Fluttery. Three dialects of Nootka were known: Nootka proper, Nitinat and Makah. Nutka were divided into 16 tribal territorial groups.

South British Columbia, river basin. Fraser, as well as northern Washington state, south of the Makahs, was inhabited by the Coast Selish tribes. The northernmost branch of them, the Bela-Kula, at the river of the same name and at the bays of Dean and Burke, was cut off from the rest of the coastal selish and wedged between the Kwakiutl Indians and the Athabascan tribes of Chilcotin and Taculli, or porters. In addition, a small part of the Selish lived in the south and east of Vancouver Island.

The extreme southern group, the Chinook, who lived at the mouth of the river. Colombia, and widely known in its time for its lively trade relations with other northwestern Indians, has now almost completely disappeared. Its language, which belongs to the group of Penuti languages, has become widespread. It became the intertribal trading language, the medium of communication for all Indian tribes from southern Alaska to northern California.

Population origin

Differences, both linguistic and anthropological, suggest that the Northwest Indians came from different places and their appearance on the coast was preceded by a series of migrations. The early history of the northwest coast is connected with the problem of settling the American continent; It is believed that one of the main routes of settlement on the mainland of the ancient tribes that came from Asia passed here.

Extremely important in the study of the ethnogenesis of this region is the assumption of E. Sapir, expressed by him in 1915, about the genetic relationship of the Haida and Tlingit languages ​​​​with the Athabaskan languages ​​\u200b\u200b(united by him into the Na-Dene group), the Wakashi and Selish languages ​​\u200b\u200bwith the Algonquin and Tsimshians with penuty tongues. Sapir's encounters determined further way study of this problem, although very little practical research has been done so far. But on the basis of Sapir's remarks, it is suggested that the Tlingit and the Haida are the newcomers of the first wave of tribes of the Na-Dene group; later and last was a wave of Athabaskans of the same group. The advance of the Athabaskans to the south pushed the Algonquian tribes to the east, the Wakashi tribes to the south, to the territory of the Selish, and caused a number of "relocations of the Selish tribes, which are indicated by the linguistic comparisons of individual dialects of the Selish 1 cited by M. Swadesh.

Materials of archaeological excavations of the last decades, carried out in the south of British Columbia and in Oregon, testify to the great antiquity of man in these areas. Based on archaeological finds in the most ancient cultural layer of Frederic de Laguna, Maryam Smith, F. Drücker and others hypothesized that the culture of the northwest coast arose on the ancient subarctic basis of fishing and sea hunting of the coast. Bering Sea and southwestern Alaska, the basis that gave rise to various Eskimo and Aleut cultures 2 . Some finds in a later layer also make it possible to raise the question of the proximity of the culture of the ancient inhabitants of the coast with the mainland cultures of river fishermen and hunters of the Athabaskans and Algoikins. archaeological finds also indicate that the lower reaches of the river. Colombia once had a large population, whose culture reached its peak by the end of the 17th century. By the time the Whites arrived here, it was already in decline, the reasons for which are still a mystery 3 .

The knowledge of the tribes

The northwest coast is the most ethnographically studied region of North America.

Acquaintance with the tribes of the northwestern coast of America begins in the 18th century: the Tlingit of Alaska were studied and well described by Russian travelers and researchers. The earliest information about them was reported by G. Steller, a member of Bering's second expedition (1741) and, at the end of the 18th century, G. Shelikhov, who also cited observations by the navigators of his expedition, Bocharov and G. Izmailov, in a book about his travels. In the first half of the XIX century. Ethnographic information about the Tlingit appeared in the descriptions of Russian navigators traveling to the western shores of America: N. A. Khvostov and G. I. Davydov (1802-1803), Yu. F. Lisyansky (1804-1805), G. I. Langsdorf (1805 -1806) A. P. Lazarev (1822), O. E. Kotzebue (1823-1826), F. P. Litke (1826-1829). Many observations were published by employees of the Russian-American Company: F. P. Wrangel, L. A. Zagoskin, K. Khlebnikov. The works of V. Romanov and P. Tikhmenev are also of considerable interest. Of great importance was the five-year (1840-1845) activity of collecting collections on ethnography, zoology, mineralogy and botany of I. G. Voznesensky. But the monographs of the missionaries I. Veniaminov and Archimandrite Anatoly are of paramount importance for studying the culture of this tribe. A great contribution to the study of the Tlingit. there was also a monograph by the Krause brothers.

The earliest information about the other tribes of the northwestern coast comes from Western European and later American authors. In the last quarter of the 18th century. the area was invaded by the Spanish, the British and the French. In 1774, the Spaniard Juan Perez reached the northern tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands. In 1775 and 1779 two Spanish expeditions with the participation of Francisco-Antonio Morelle reached Sitka. In 1778, the expedition of the Englishman J. Cook visited Nootka Bay and reached the southeast of Alaska. Behind them, in 1786, the French expedition of J. La Perouse reached the Cook Strait. The discoveries of these travelers served as an impetus for a number of trading expeditions for the purpose of exporting furs, and in parallel for ethnographic research. The first merchant ships were brought to the coast by captains Hannah, J. Meares, Portlock and J. Dixon. The last two described the Haida and Tlingit tribes; Dixon also named the group of Queen Charlotte Islands after the name of his ship. In the 90s of the XVIII century. A. Vancouver visited and described the Northwestern Indians, in particular the Tlingit (1792-1793) and the Tsimshians. Almost simultaneously in 1793, a representative of the North-West Trading Company, A. Mackenzie, crossed the mainland of North America from the westward and penetrated into the northwestern outskirts. Later, other tribes became known to Europeans with lish; they were first described by researchers M. Lewis and W. Clark (1805). Further study of these tribes was carried out by English trading companies and missionaries (missionary Walker Irving and others) and the Pacific scientific expedition Wilkins.

At the end of XIX and beginning of XX century. the major works of the largest American ethnographers, F. Boas and J. Swanton, devoted to the Indians of the North-West of America, appeared. The works of other researchers of the northwest (J. Emmons, A.-P. Niblak, and others) date back to this time.

General features of the social order

Many modern scientists of the USA (Viola Garfield, V. Olson, F. Drucker, Marian Smith, Elena Koder, J. Barnett) and Canada (Marius Barbeau, T. Mac Ilret, J. Laviolette and others) are studying the culture of the Indians of the northwest coast. .).

Northwestern Indians are almost the only group of American tribes north of Mexico that has reached a high level of development of a distinctive culture based on fishing and hunting. In terms of their level of development, they can only be compared with the descendants of the famous embankment builders - the agricultural and hunting tribes of the southeastern United States. The peculiarity of the development of the Indians of the Northwest lies in the fact that, along with the preservation of the tribal organization, the features of the decomposition of primitive communal relations and the formation of the rudiments of a class society were clearly manifested here; in conditions of productive fishing, hunting and stone technology, hereditary patriarchal slavery arose here. These basic features of social relations were manifested in all aspects of the life of the Indians of this area, they were characteristic of all the Indian tribes living here and allow us to consider their culture as a whole.

The social organization of the northwestern Indians was based on the tribal system. The relations of production were still based on archaic relations of kinship, but along with them slavery, developed trade and property differentiation already existed. By the time the Europeans arrived, the northwestern Indians were in various stages of the decay of the tribal organization. The northern group (Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian) retained the maternal kinship account and the inheritance of property, totems, names, etc. went through the female line. However, marriages were already predominantly patrilocal, in connection with which the custom of avunculata was of great importance. The institutions of this group of tribes testify to the fact that there once existed a classical maternal clan.

Yuyotee, among the Kwakiutl, the maternal clan was almost supplanted by the patriarchal community, but significant traces of it were preserved in marriage norms, in a kind of transmission of the ritual inheritance (names, objects of the totem cult) through the female line, along with the inheritance of property through the paternal line. The Nootka and the Selish were dominated by patriarchal norms with only slight traces of matriarchy in the area of ​​marital relations and some features of avunculate.

The northern tribes (Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and northern Kwakiutli) still maintained a phraterial division. The Tlingit and the Haida were divided into two phratries, which bore the names: Crow and Wolf - among the Tlingit, Crow and Eagle - among the Haida. The Tsimshian were divided into four phratries: the Crow, the Wolf, the Eagle, and the Killer Whale. The Kwakiutli-heiltsuk were divided into three phratries: the Crow, the Eagle, and the Killer Whales. The terminology of the kinship of the tribes of the coast indicates that in the past they had a dual division of the tribe. This is also indicated by the prevalence along the coast, as the preferred form, of cross-cousin marriage. The phratries were bound by ties of ritual mutual assistance. The eponymous phratries of all tribes were mutually exogamous. For example, a member of the Haida Crow phratry could not marry a Tsimshian or Tlingit woman of the Crow phratry.

The phratries were divided into clans. Each clan led its origin from the ancestor-totem, by which it was called. The history of the family was told in the genealogical legend of the family. Ancestral totems were most often from the animal world, however, plant totems are also found among the Tsimshians: wild rice, water lily, fern, etc.

It was widely believed that the leaders of clans, during their lifetime, personifying clan totems during the festivities, putting on a ritual costume with the image of a totem, after death turned into a totem animal. This was especially evident in the funeral rite, the apogee of which was the appearance among the assembled masks in the costume of the totem of the deceased's family. This should have meant that the deceased had become a kind of totem.

Each tribe had several original clans. The genus consisted of several large home communities - households. With an increase in the population, households turned into subsidiary clans, in turn breaking up into separate households, which often moved to free lands, forming a new village. The process of splitting up the main clans and the formation of new daughter clans from households is well traced among the Tlingit 1 . This is also evidenced by the fact that among a number of coastal tribes the name of the home community often denotes a clan group.

The home community consisted of several kindred families living in one large wooden house. According to Murdoch, for example, the Haida home community consisted of the head, his wife or wives, his unmarried daughters and sons under ten years of age, married daughters with husbands and children, and, in addition, from the families of his younger brothers, the minor sons of his sister and several nephews with families, as well as several poor relatives and slaves 2 . Although marriage among the Indians by the time the coast was discovered was already patrilocal, but along with it, there are frequent cases of matrilocality, especially among the northern group of tribes, as evidenced by the composition of the Haida home community surveyed above. Sons after ten years were brought up by their mother's brother.

Among the Kwakiutl and Bela-Kula, marriages were patrilocal, but among these tribes there was a custom of ransoming a married woman from her husband's clan. Her father or brother gave her son-in-law gifts that significantly exceeded the so-called kalym, and the marriage was thus considered annulled: the woman had to return to her family, after which her father could immediately marry her to another. The restoration of the marriage was possible only after a new gift from the husband to his wife's relatives. This custom, called “hawanaka” 1 , however, was most often just an excuse to redistribute wealth between the clans of father-in-law and son-in-law and demonstrate their generosity and nobility. Sometimes the woman herself brought valuable gifts to her husband, as if on behalf of her relatives, arranged a hvanak for him, and thereby paid off the bride price paid for her.

Home communities remained among the Indians until the end of the 19th century. For the longest time, the community of dwellings was preserved. As early as 1930, several large communal houses could be seen near the Kwakiutl of Fort Rupert, they were already uninhabited and served as a place for festivities. These houses were built together. The Tlingit, Tsimshian, and Haida retained the ancient rule that the house was built by members of the opposite phratry; only they could put images of the totems of its inhabitants on the facade of houses, on pillars supporting roof beams, and on totem poles installed near houses. Inside the house, along all its walls, at a height of 1 m from the floor, plank bunks 2 m wide were arranged, on which each family had its own bedroom, separated by mats or a partition of boards. They were adjoined in the form of a step by another row of bunks 0.5 m lower and already the first one, which served for sitting. In the middle of the house, in a quadrangular recess, a common fire was lit. But each family already had its own hearth. Houses bore family names, and their inhabitants were called by the names of houses. For example, among the Tlingits, one of the households of each clan bore the name of the totem of the clan; in tribal genealogical legends, such a house was called the house of the ancestors of the clan. The households that separated from it were already named according to body parts or features of the animal - the totem of the clan, or acquired new names according to geographical or other characteristics. For example, one of the six houses of the Eagle clan was called the Eagle's house, the other five had the following names: the house of the Eagle's Tail, the house of the Eagle Claw, the house of the Eaglet, the house of the Eaglet's Claws and the house of the Flounder. The last name is explained by the fact that the remnants of the Kambala clan merged with the Eagle clan. A number of testimonies indicate that not only the budding of genera took place, but also their merging.

Houses of the same kind stood together in the village. Fishing grounds, hunting grounds, berry fields, etc. were considered tribal property, but were directly used by household communities, which were the main economic unit of society. However, each family in the household stocked food products independently.

According to tribal orders, coming from antiquity, the head of the home community acted as the organizer of its economic activities in the field of both production and distribution of products. He was in charge of the exploitation of natural resources - fishing and hunting grounds, etc., owned by the community. In fact, the head of the community was already considered the sole owner of the community-clan property. His power was hereditary. He secured the best lands for himself and transferred the rights to use them to his heir. The relatives living in the house were economically dependent on the head. He granted them the right to use the land, while establishing their right to the first collection, the first. On these pervinkas, he arranged refreshments and explained that the food distributed was received by him from such and such for the use of his property. The head of the community was the owner of the slaves who worked for him along with the poor relatives. The leader was responsible for the death of a relative, he also had the right to use the newly discovered or occupied territory. There was a process of economic isolation of the family of the head of the home community, the usurpation of communal-tribal lands, which began to be identified with his property; the beginnings of exploitation appeared along with slaves and their relatives. The property stratification within the home community was also reflected in the placement of its inhabitants. Among the Nootka, for example, the head of the community occupied the most honorable part of the house - one of the corners of the back of the house; families closer to the head occupied the remaining three corners of honor, and ordinary members of the community lived between the corners.

The head of the most influential and wealthy home community was the tribal leader, and the leader of the most influential family in the village was considered the leader of the village (among the Haida, he was also called the "mother of the village").