Where is the island of Java located? - on the world map, coordinates and video. Geographic coordinates of Java, Georgia. Latitude and longitude of Java.

The island of Java is part of the Greater Sunda Islands, from which the Malay Archipelago is formed. On the map, it can be found in the northeastern part. indian ocean.

Where the island of Java got its name from is not exactly known. According to one of the existing versions, it came from the proto-Austronesian word for "house". According to another, the consonant name of the island is found in the manuscripts of an early Indian epic. There is also the opinion of some experts, according to which "Java" is a derivative of the word "Jau". From the Sanskrit language, it can be translated as "barley" or "lying in the distance."

Geography

Java Island (see photo below) was formed, according to scientists, about six to seven million years ago. In the same period, the entire Malay Archipelago appeared.

Java is considered the extremity of a mountain range that protrudes above the water, which stretches from Burma to the Sumatra islands, passing through the Nicobar and Andaman Islands. Many years ago, seismic and volcanic processes provoked the subsidence and uplift of the continent that previously existed in this place. As a result of all this, the island of Java appeared. The landscape of its central part is decorated with a mountain range stretching from west to east. In this part of the territory, the island of Java has volcanoes. In total there are more than one hundred and twenty of them, among which there are thirty active ones. by the most high volcano recognized by the Seven. Its height is 3676 m. highest point islands. Other most significant:

Bromo - 2329 m;
- Merapi - 2914 m.

The last of these two volcanoes is one of the ten most active on our planet. In 1006, its catastrophic eruption wiped out life on the island for three centuries. Fertile soils have turned into a desert. Java Island - "Valley of Death". So, no doubt it was possible to call it in those days.

Unfortunately, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions still often occur in these places. The consequences of such seismic activity are very sad. They lead to numerous destructions and casualties.

Unlike the central part of the island, the coastal areas are swampy lowlands. Here is located a large number of lakes and many rivers.

Java Island has a rather winding coastline. In its bends there are a large number of convenient bays and bays that allow ships with different landings to moor.

The coast of the island, almost along its entire length, has numerous narrow sandy beaches with small dunes that end in tropical jungle.

Climate

Java Island is located near the earth's equator. Such geographical position significant impact on the climate of the region. It is equatorial, comparatively hot and humid. The weather on the island is characterized by the absence of seasonal temperature differences. It's warm here all year round. The air warms up in the range from twenty-three to twenty-six degrees. Precipitation on the island is usually short-term tropical downpours. Their number during the year can exceed 1000-1100 mm. In the northwestern and northern parts of the island, this figure is somewhat higher. Sometimes it reaches 3000 mm.

Population

Today, over one hundred and forty million people live in Java. This makes it the most densely populated island in the world.

The majority of Javans are Indonesians. In addition to them, representatives of a number of ethnic groups live on the island, the list of which includes:

Madurians;
- Sundanese;
- Minangkabau.

Alien peoples from India, China and Indochina also live here. All of them speak Malay, which is recognized as the state language on the island. Often in everyday life you can hear Javanese words. There are also Chinese dialects in the conversation of local residents.

What are the main directions of the national economy, which the island of Java is proud of? The population of rural areas and small towns is busy growing barley, rice, coffee, including such a famous variety as Kopi Luwak. Developed on the island and industry. Its industries such as electronics, processing, mining and textiles employ the population major cities.

Administrative device

In Java, the largest city in terms of population, importance and size is the city of Jakarta. On the map, it can be found in the northwestern part of the island, on the coast itself. This is the largest settlement of the Malay Archipelago, which is also the capital of Indonesia. Jakarta has a population of 9.6 million. The list of major cities located in Java includes:

Semarang.
- Yogyakarta.
- Bandung.
- Serang.
- Kudus.
- Gaff.
- Surabaya.
- Malang and others.
In my own way administrative structure the island is divided into three provinces. These are West, East and Central Java.

Pearl of the Malay Archipelago

Indonesia includes about seventeen thousand islands. However, Java, without any doubt, is among them the real queen. Despite the fact that this is the most densely populated island of our planet, there are a lot of places untouched by man. A trip to Java will appeal to the most adventurous tourists who want to recharge their batteries and get a real drive. The island offers its guests ancient monuments and huge national parks, volcanoes and rice plantations adjacent to dense forests, savannahs and large cities.

Jakarta

Many tourists who want to get acquainted with Indonesia, first of all fly to the island of Java. The capital of the country - Jakarta, which is a colossal metropolis, serves for many as the starting point from which the path to more interesting and calm routes begins.

This city is very complex and ambiguous. But it is from him, as a rule, that tourists begin to explore the island of Java. Only in Jakarta, after seeing the sights and areas, you can feel rich history country, its diverse culture and unusual architecture.

Listed interesting places Indonesia's capital is home to numerous exhibition centers and parks. But among them there are those that deserve special attention of tourists. This is, for example, the Taman-Mini park. There are 27 pavilions on its territory, each of which demonstrates traditional buildings, interesting decorations and other exhibits presented by various provinces. Here you can admire the miniature, which in all details represents Indonesia.

Attracts tourists and dream park, located in the Anchola area. On its territory you can buy bone jewelry, batik and other creations of local craftsmen.
Interesting for guests of Jakarta and the center "Tamaya Ismail Narzuki". There are many venues on its territory, where five theaters and numerous exhibitions are located. The complex includes a dance hall and a planetarium.

The main attraction of the capital, which the island of Java is rightfully proud of (see photo below), is the National Monument. It is a tower rising more than 130 m above the ground. The material for its manufacture was Italian marble. From above, the National Monument is decorated with an imitation of a flame made of gilding. For Indonesia, this tower is a symbol of the capital.

What else can the island of Java please its guests with? Tourist reviews recommend including the Istiklal Mosque in the list of must-see places. It is the largest Muslim sanctuary located in South-East Asia.

Borobudur

Numerous tourists tend to visit the temples of the island of Java. Getting acquainted with Indonesia, it is impossible not to visit Borobudur. It is the third largest Buddhist-Hindu temple in the world. In size, Borobudur is second only to the Cambodian Angkor, as well as the Burmese Shwedagon.

The Indonesian temple is a step pyramid, the height of which is 34 m. It rises on an artificially created hill, embodying sacred mountain Meru (according to ancient Indian legends, it is she who is the center of the whole world). According to the teachings, any visitor to Borobudur or a pilgrim begins his ascent "from earth to heaven." Moreover, the road leading to the temple is a spiral. Passing along it, visitors examine the eight terraces of Borobudur and get acquainted with the history of the emergence of Buddhism, carved on one and a half thousand reliefs and stone sculptures.

The architecture of the temple itself indicates the influence of Persian, Greek, Indian and Babylonian architects. This is a majestic building, from the upper levels of which an exciting and grandiose view opens. There is also a sculpture of Buddha. There is a legend that the one who could reach his little finger will certainly be lucky.

Java Island (Indonesia) is rightfully proud of this real wonder of the world. After all, the temple of Borobudur, which was built 1200 years ago, is a beautiful, grandiose and picturesque building. It survived the eruption of the nearby volcano Merapi, the change on the island not only of the political course, but also of religion. It retained its beautiful appearance even after the invasions of treasure hunters.

Prambanan

What else attracts tourists to the island of Java? The sights located on its territory contain another masterpiece on their list, which is one rank lower than Borobudur. This temple complex Prambanan. Unlike Borobudur, it is located on a plain, which the locals call the "Valley of the Kings". This area is literally littered with the ruins of ancient structures.

The Prambanan complex itself is a collection of three temples, each of which is dedicated to one of the gods - Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva. The walls of these amazingly beautiful buildings are decorated with bas-reliefs, the plots of which are taken from scenes from the ancient Indian epic called the Ramayana.

The end of the construction of Prambanan is considered to be 856. This temple commemorates the victory of the Hindu king Pikatan over the Buddhist king belonging to the Shailendra dynasty.

Kraton

What other temples does the island of Java offer its guests to explore? Attractions that the Javanese are proud of include the Kraton palace complex in their list. Locals consider it the "navel" of the world. The palace was not only the seat of the sultanate for the island. The Javanese believed that the center of the universe was located here.

In Kraton are located:

Chambers of the Sultan himself and members of his family;
- throne room;
- pavilions for various performances;
- mosque;
- chambers for contemplation.

In the 19th century The interior decoration of the palace complex was changed. He was given European features. There were cast-iron columns and Italian marble, furniture and chandeliers in the Rococo style. All these interior details are in strong contrast to the Javanese basis of the Kraton.

Bogor

Not far from the bustling capital of Jakarta is a quiet town. Just an hour from the metropolis by train, and you are in Bogor, famous throughout the island for its huge botanical garden. Here you can see the largest flower on our planet - "titanic amorphophaldus".

The locals call Bogor “the city of rain”. Indeed, every afternoon it is bound to rain here. That is why it is better to walk in the botanical garden early in the morning. Visitors will see amazing trees that look like flared trousers. There is a Mexican garden, an orchid garden and much more. In the royal park, which is located next door, deer roam.

Gunung Halimun

This is one of the most national parks islands of Java. It differs from all the others in that the road to it is relatively simple. It is enough to drive from Bogor just an hour and a half.

Gunung Halimun Park is worth a visit for those tourists who are lovers of fauna and flora. Here you can see a large number of plants, more than a dozen species of birds, as well as mammals (including the endangered West Javanese gibbons).

Malang

This city was founded by the Dutch in the 18th century. Tourists who have chosen it get acquainted with the eastern part of the island of Java. Malang attracts guests with its surroundings, where coffee plantations are comfortably spread. Numerous Hindu temples are also located here, built on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan, which the locals consider sacred. Not far from Malang are the most famous beaches among tourists, the most popular of which is Balekambang. From the city you can quickly reach volcanoes such as Seperu, Bromo and Ijen. Public transport runs to them from Malang.

Taman Sari

There are also special attractions in Java. One of them is Taman Sari. This is a water castle built specifically for the Sultan in 1758. Taman Sari is a whole park of palace complexes with canals and pools. The castle has underground tunnels and special secret rooms.

IN island republic Indonesia has the island of Java, which has become the world record for the population. On the world map, it is located in Southeast Asia. The island of Java is covered with tropical forests, which are adjacent to the stone jungle of the capital of Indonesia - Jakarta.

The island is located in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago in Southeast Asia. On the map, it is located between Eurasia and Australia, next to the island of Sumatra, which is located just north of Java. On the south side, the island is adjacent to the smaller Sunda Islands and Bali, and on the east - the islands of Sulawesi and Malaysia.

Java Island on the world map has the coordinates:

• Geographic: 7° 17' 56" South 109° 56'06" East.
• Decimal degrees: longitude -7.298904; latitude 109.942516.

Height above sea level 3675 m.

Length and width of the island, area and shape

The island stretches for 1,000 km in a west-east direction, and is 205 km wide. Its area is about 130 thousand km 2, of which 44 thousand km 2 are covered with tropical forests and impenetrable jungles.

The island has an oblong shape, similar to a horizontally lying boot. The shores of Java are washed by the Indian and Pacific oceans, and from the north by the Java Sea. Java is separated from Sumatra by Sunda Bay.

A significant part of the island's territory is occupied by 120 volcanoes, 30 of which are considered active. The island also has a large number of rivers. But the main source fresh water is the bed of the Solo River.

The territory of the island is divided into:

• western;
• eastern;
• central.

How to get to the island?

There are several ways to get to the island.

By plane

There are 6 international airports on the island of Java. The largest of them is Soekarno-Hatta in Jakarta, which accepts large-capacity airliners and is also used for transfers when traveling within the country.

The remaining 5 terminals near the cities of Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Jatiwangi and Surabaya have connection only with the city of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and international airports Thailand. The island of Java can also be reached from the city of Moscow.

Several airlines operate flights to Jakarta:

On average, any flight takes at least 20 hours.

On the ferry of the national shipping company "Pelni"

This type of transportation can be used to get to Java from other islands:

• Bali;
• Sulawesi;
• Sumatra.

Ports in Java are located in the cities:

• Jakarta;
• Surabaya;
• Semerang;
• Cirebon.

Getting around the island

The island of Java on the world map stands out for its length. It is used for fast movement.

Aircraft

Between the cities of Java, flights are carried out from the airports of the cities of Jakarta and Surabaya by the following companies:

• Garuda;
• "Merpati";
• "Mandala";
• Batavia.

Railway

There are 4 railway networks on the island of Java:

• Northern: Jakarta - Chiberon - Semarang - Surabaya.
• South: Jakarta - Bandung - Yogyakarta - Surakarta - Surabaya.
• Eastern: Surabaya - Sidoarjo - Bangil - Pasuruan.
• Western: Jakarta - Tangerang - Serang - Chilegon.

Each electric train has several types of cars:

• air-conditioned compartment;
• seat place;
• economy with a small number of seats.

Bus

You can also travel between cities by bus. It is worth noting that this type of transport on the island is considered the most inconvenient, since flights do not have an exact departure-arrival schedule, and wandering musicians enter the salon along the way, who demand a small payment after an impromptu concert.

The buses also do not have air conditioning, and if they break down, no other transport is provided.

car rental

You can rent a car at the hotel or at rental offices. It should be noted that the roads on the island are practically not being repaired, and in combination with a two-lane road, this makes travel time-consuming, as there are a lot of traffic jams on the island.

Motor rickshaws and motorcycles

The most convenient and popular transport on the island is the rickshaw. Carrier services cost little money. But such a device cannot travel long distances.

Climate and weather in Java island by months

Java Island is located almost parallel to the equator, so the temperature here ranges from 26 ° to 32 ° all year round. The climate of the island is equatorial and subequatorial, so the humidity varies from 70 to 95%. Favorable for rest is the time from March to October, the rest of the time in Java it rains heavily.

Determining factor climatic conditions are the monsoons:

• northwest wind forms rainy weather;
• the southeast monsoon determines dry weather.

In different periods, the weather on the island of Java may vary slightly:

Attractions of the island

Java Island occupies a significant area on the world map. It contains most of the sights of the Indonesian Republic. Some of them are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park

The attraction is located on the territory East Java near the city of Malang. The name of the park consists of three words: the names of the two peaks Semeru and Bromo and the names of the local aborigines - Tenggers - living in the territory. The area of ​​the park is about 500 km2. On the territory there are jungles, several lakes.

50 rivers and waterfalls, as well as volcanoes:

• Bromo;
• Batok;
• Kursi;
• Watangan;
• Vidodaren.

All volcanoes are surrounded by volcanic ash, which is called the "sea of ​​sand" and forms entire deserts. The entrance to the park is through the rural settlement of Ngadisari around 3-4 in the morning, as the sun sets by 17.00 and the park closes.

In the Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park they visit:

• Mount Bromo, on which the crater of the active volcano of the same name is located.
• Top of the Seven. They climb the mountain for several days without special devices.
• Mount Penanjakan. At the top there is an observation deck that offers a wonderful view of Bromo and the Tengger caldera. Most often, sunrise is met at this peak.
• Top Batok. Batok Volcano is considered inactive and heavily overgrown with jungle. The ascent to the mountain takes about an hour. From the observation platform at the top, the Bromo crater and caldera are clearly visible.
• Temple Pura Luhur Poten, on the territory of which Yadna Kasada is celebrated - the triumph of teggers.
• Madakaripura waterfall located inside the rock.

Temple complex Borobudur

Borobudur was built around 800. BC. The temple complex is located in Central Java, about 42 km from Yogyakarta towards the northwest. Borobudur is a 9-tier structure that has over 500 Buddha statues and over 2,000 bas-reliefs.

At the base of the temple there are 6 square slabs of different sizes, and on top there are 3 round platforms. At its very top is a dome surrounded by 72 Buddha statues.

Borobudur received the status of the largest building dedicated to the traditions of Mahayana Buddhism. The area of ​​the temple occupies 55 thousand km2, and the dimensions of the lower slab are 120×120 m. Borobudur temple was restored in 1982 and included in the UNESCO list.

Prambanan temple complex

Prambanan was erected in the 10th century. The complex is located in Central Java, 17 km from Yogyakarta towards the east on the south side of the Merapi volcano. The temple complex was restored in 1950, and in 1991 it was included in the UNESCO list.

The historical monument combines Buddhist and Hindu features and was erected in honor of Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu.

The Prambanan complex includes 200 temples, some of which have not been restored. Its main part is considered to be 3 temples above the center of one of the platforms. Nearby are the shrines of the bull Nandi and the riding bird Garuda.

Not far from them are the temples of Sewu and Lara Jonggrang, which are the main attributes of the Parambanan complex. Between them are smaller structures: Lumbun, Asu and Burakh.

Mount Merapi

The active volcano Merapi is located 22 km from the Borobudur Complex and the city of Yogyakarta. This is the most large volcano on the island: its height reaches 3 km. Merapi belongs to the Pacific volcanic ring.

The volcano is activated every 6-7 years in the form of strong eruptions, and 2 times a year in the form of small ones. In 1673, the volcano destroyed several cities in Java, this eruption was the most powerful in the history of Indonesia. The last major eruption occurred in 2006, when more than 3 thousand people died. Despite the great danger, ascents are made daily on the mountain.

You can climb the volcano from:

• villages Village;
• the villages of Kaliurang;
• suburb of Surakarta.

On the observation decks you can meet the sunrise or watch the sunset.

Old city

Java Island is rich in attractions. On a world map near the city of Jakarta, a territory of 1.5 km 2 is visible called Old city. In Indonesian, it is called Kota Tua and represents the main trading hub of Indonesia.

The old city was founded in the 14th century and in the 3rd century the city received the title of the main port center of trade. By the end of the 18th century, a fortress wall was built around the Old Town. Kota Tua is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city combines many cultures, times and religions. Not far away is Chinatown with the oldest temple in the history of Java - Vihara Dharma.

Museums are also located on the territory of the Old Town:

• history of Jakarta;
• Arts and Ceramics.

Taman Sari Water Palace

Taman Sari is a whole complex consisting of:

• pools;
• grottoes;
• channels;
• palaces.

The palace was built in 1755 by order of the Sultan of Yogyakarta Hamengkubuwono I. Portuguese architects participated in the design.

Taman Sari had many secret passages, cellars and rooms. During the reign of the Sultan, the palace was surrounded by an artificial reservoir, through which it was possible to get to the internal pools. In the center of Taman Sari rises a tower from which Hamengkubuwono I watched over his wives. The castle became famous for its sewage system and fountains, as well as an underground prayer room.

Taman Sari was a place of rest and a fortress at the same time, but in 1867 the castle was destroyed by the eruption of the volcano Merapi. After that, the restoration of the central building and the Sultan's baths was carried out. And in 1995, the Taman Sari Water Palace was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Bogor Botanical Garden

The botanical garden was built in 1817 in West Java near the city of Bogor. It is considered one of the largest gardens in the world. The garden collection includes 14.5 thousand different plants. The number of species includes more than 5 thousand copies. The area of ​​the Bogorsky garden is 88 hectares.

The Botanical Garden has several branches: on the island of Bali and in the city of Chibodas on the island of Java.

Since it belongs to the Scientific Community of the Republic of Indonesia, on the territory of the Bogor branch there are:

• Museum of Zoology;
• Botanical laboratory;
• Chemical laboratory;
• Pharmacology laboratory;
• Herbarium;
• Experimental garden;
• Laboratory of ichthyological research.

The entire area of ​​​​the central office is divided into many zones, each of which grows certain types of plants.

On the territory of the Botanical Garden are held:

• relaxation courses;
• yoga
• weddings.

Sea of ​​sands

Java Island on the world map is highlighted by a large cluster high mountains and volcanoes:

• Bromo;
• course;
• Batok.

They are located in the Tengger caldera, which is 8 km in diameter. The bottom of this crater is a thick layer of volcanic ash. This place is called the sea of ​​sand. It covers the foothills of all 3 mountains.

Thanks to volcanic eruptions and the accumulation of ash, the landscape of the crater resembles unearthly territories. On the territory of the sea of ​​​​sands, plants do not grow and animals and insects are not found. Officially, since 1919, the attraction has been territorially owned by the Bromsky Reserve and is strictly guarded.

Thousand Islands

There is an archipelago in Jakarta Bay, which consists of 112 islands. These islands have an area of ​​100 thousand hectares. and stretched for 97 miles.

Approximately 100 km 2 of the islands have the status of a national reserve. This district is located 45 km north of Jakarta and includes 44 islands. The climate of the Thousand Islands is similar to the climate of Java: subequatorial humid with an air temperature of 29-36 ° with an air humidity of 80%. The Thousand Islands amaze with the richness of the animal and flora.

Popular in the archipelago active species recreation:

• fishing;
• canoeing;
• water skiing;
• scuba diving;
• windsurfing.

On the shores of each of the islands there are zones for playing:

• Beach volleyball;
• tennis;
• golf.

The most popular islands among tourists are:

• Kotok;
• Bidadari;
• Putri;
• Sepa.

resorts on the island. Names, descriptions, benefits

Java Island is famous not only for sights, but also for resorts.

Anyer

The recreation area is located in West Java.

On its territory are:

• own sandy beaches;
• restaurants;
• hotels;
• small local market.

Also in Anyera you can see the lighthouse, which was built by Portuguese architects. For a small fee, you can watch the sunset at the lighthouse.

Carita

This resort is suitable for family vacation.

On the territory are:

• wide embankment;
• sand beach.

Karita is close to the Krakatua Volcano which provides plenty of options active rest from diving to mountain climbing.

Batu Karas

The shores of this resort are famous for high waves, which allows all year round surf.

On the territory are located:

• cafe;
• hotels;
• "black beach" - a mixture of sand and volcanic ash.

The resort is located near the city of Pangandaran.

Pangadaran

The resort is a beach complex located on a peninsula in South Java.

The resort has:

• guest houses;
• cafe;
• bus station from which you can leave for Batung;
• base for surfing;
• the beach is dark brown in color as it contains sand of volcanic origin.

Pandagaran is characterized by comfort, silence and lack of crowds of tourists.

Panaitan Island

This resort is different from the rest, as it is the property of the Indonesian nation. Entrance to the territory is possible only with the permission of the governor. The island is not intended for tourists: there are no cafes or hotels. The shores of Panaitan are suitable only for surfing or diving.

Sukamade beach

The resort is designed for recreation with tents away from civilization. Not on site cellular communication, electricity and cafes. The beach is famous for sea turtles that lay their eggs on its shores.

Meru Betiri Park is also located on the territory. There is a hotel 5 km from the beach. It is also allowed to pitch a tent near the beach or rent a small cottage.

Resort town of Bandung

Bandung refers to mountain resorts. Excursions to Dago Falls, Tangkuban Praya Volcano and Situpatengang Lake depart from the city. Not far from the city are the beaches of Anyer and Karagan-Bolong, Punchak tea plantations, national park Pendant and safari park.

Karagan-Bolong beach

The resort is not intended for beach holiday, since strong waves come from the side of the Indian Ocean, and sharp stones are located on the shore. On the beach, you can have a picnic and watch the sunset through the arch formed from the coral reef after the tsunami.

Hotels on the island of Java, prices for rooms and meals

Hotel table:

A huge number of the main attractions of Indonesia are collected on the island of Java. Java is also rich in landscape diversity: vast areas of tropical forests, mountainous terrain and desert steppes are visible on the world map.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the island of Java

All the beauty of the Indonesian island of Java:

Java is part of the Greater Sunda Islands and is located near Sumatra. Scientists to this day cannot understand why it received such a name. There are several theories. According to one of them, the word "Java" is of Protonesian origin and is translated as "house". Some scholars believe that the name comes from Sanskrit and means either "barley" or "lying on the other side."

basic information

Experts attribute Java to both mainland and volcanic islands. This is due to the fact that at its base lies a long mountain range that stretches through the central part of the island.

The highest point is the volcano Semeru, which has retained its activity to this day. In general, more than 120 volcanoes can be counted over the entire area of ​​​​the ridge. The central part of the island has a mountainous landscape, but as soon as you go down to the coast, you will find yourself in a swamp.

There are a lot of rivers, lakes, among which Jangari, Jatilukhur, Sungai deserve special attention.

The first man on the island appeared, presumably, in the second millennium BC. e. Scientists suggest that he most likely came from the island of Sumatra. Around the 3rd century AD, cities arose on the island and the first state formations were formed. One of the very first was Sakalanagara, which gave rise to Tarum, Sundu and Mataram. The latter has a rich past and a long history of dominance. Over time, it fell into decay and broke up into several small state entities.

At the end of the 13th century, an expedition was assembled to Java led by the Mongol Khan Kublai, famous for his conquest of China. The empire he created on the island extended its influence to almost all the Sunda Islands. After a couple of centuries, it greatly weakened and broke up into a number of Muslim states.

In the 17th century, European invaders began to penetrate Java. On the coast, they created a huge number of colonies and trading posts. The Dutch were very active in the conquest. Step by step, they subjugated all the islands of the Sunda archipelago, founding the trading city of Batavia, which is known to contemporaries as Jakarta - the capital. Immediately after the end of the Second World War, Indonesia becomes independent and annexes Java.

Time has passed and today the island of Java is the largest cultural, historical and political center of Indonesia with a well-developed infrastructure.

Population of Java

According to recent estimates, the number of the island has long exceeded the number of 140 million people. Thus, Java is recognized as the most densely populated island in the world. National composition is diverse, but the majority of residents are Javanese-Indonesians. In addition, in the composition you can meet Sundanese, Madurians and people from, who came at different times. The official language throughout the island is Malay. You can often hear Chinese and Javanese dialects.

The main occupation of the local population is agriculture. Villagers grow rice and other cereals. The cities have a developed industry: textile, electronic, mining and processing.

The largest city on the island is Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It is home to over 9 million people. Next in size and number of inhabitants are Semarang, Serang, Bandung and others.

Weather on the island of Java

The climate of the island is determined by its location relative to the equator. It is always warm and very humid here. There are no sharp temperature drops, even despite the pronounced seasonality. The air temperature averages 24 degrees.

Showers and hurricanes are always short-lived here.

Flora and fauna

Flora is not particularly exotic and unique. IN tropical forests creepers, bamboo, huge ficuses grow. Just above sea level, the variety of vegetation becomes richer. You can find oaks, chestnuts and some types of conifers.

The fauna of the island is much more interesting and diverse. More than 150 species of animals live in Java. Many of which are endemic.

The cuisine of the island is considered the most non-exotic. The main components of the dishes are rice, vegetables, beef. Local fruits, which are very numerous in Java, enjoy great love. If you really want to try real traditional food, you should go to small cafes where the local population eats. They are always tasty and very cheap, unlike restaurants where guides are constantly leading. However, even here you can find exotic.

In the village of Tuban, earth pies are popular. They are made from silty soil from rice fields. According to local residents, this dish is considered nutritious and very healthy. With regards to the taste of pies, the population of the village tries not to talk.

Javanese drink cane juice, ginger tea, local beer "tuak" and palm vodka.

In Indonesia, the islands of Bali are the most famous and beloved by tourists, but Java also has a lot of interesting things. The beaches on the island are covered with white, coarse sand, and the sea is always clean. In addition, there are many attractions in local cities that can surprise any tourist. Let's get to know the most popular places on the island of Java.

Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park

Bromo National Park is located near the city of Surabaya. This is one of the most amazing attractions in Indonesia, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. The park covers an area of ​​over 800 sq. meters. On its territory there is a huge number of dense forests, waterfalls and several active volcanoes. Thanks to them, most national park covered in black volcanic sand, creating a special alien effect. The park got its name from the local tribe - Tenggers and two mountains.

The park is unique due to five volcanoes, which, according to legend, lead to the underworld. You can climb to the top on foot or by jeep. This place is wildly popular with tourists and is rightfully considered the highlight of the island.

Temple complex Borobudur

The temple complex is located 40 kilometers from Jakarta. This place is not only considered the highlight of the city, but also known throughout the world. It was erected around the 8th-9th century. For a long time, the temple complex was hidden from human eyes in the shadow of dense jungle, covered with tons of volcanic dust. The ancient structure is still a mystery to scientists. No one can give an exact answer when and by whom Borobudur was built. Also, no one can understand why it was left after the eruption of one of the five volcanoes.

When viewed from the side, the entire temple complex resembles a huge 34-meter bell. In its structure, it is a pyramid, the base of which is several large concrete slabs. Carved stupas in the form of bells are installed on them. Inside each stupa are Buddha statues.

Prambanan temple complex

This is an amazing landmark dating back to the 9th century. The temple complex is located a few kilometers from Jakarta. Prambanan is considered the largest in Indonesia. Inside the temple is a huge statue of Shiva. Often Prambanan is called the temple of Shiva Lara Jongrang. Small structures were built on the sides of the main temple, representing the sacred animals of Indonesia. Also on the territory of Prambanan are numerous tombs and rooms for sacrifices. The temple complex was recently recognized world heritage UNESCO.

This ancient building been destroyed many times. Numerous earthquakes were to blame, as well as the volcanic activity of Merapi. For more than a hundred years, restoration work has been underway to restore Prambanan.

Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia. He constantly smokes. Small eruptions occur every two years, but large eruptions occur every 15 years. Last time strong volcanic activity was observed in 2006. Thanks to this, Merapi is one of the ten most active volcanoes in the world.

Such fame does not prevent the local population from living at the very foot, and tourists from climbing to the very top. The beauties that opened from a great height surprise and amaze.

Old city

The Old City is located in Jakarta and covers an area of ​​about 1.5 square meters. kilometers. This place is a cultural center that has collected the largest number of ancient monuments. First locality on this territory was established in the 14th century. Then the port was built. Over time, more and more new objects appeared in the city. A great contribution to the development of the Old City was made by the Dutch, who built amazingly beautiful temples. This place is currently listed as a World Heritage Site.

Many different cultures are gathered in the Old City. That is why this place has a special atmosphere that attracts thousands of tourists.

Taman Sari Water Palace

The palace was founded in the 18th century by the ruler of Jakarta. The complex included rooms for leisure, the main palace, a lake, a swimming pool. The construction was built for several years with money allocated from the state treasury. Taman Sari at that time was a real work of art. The palace had its own individual sewerage system. The castle was separated from the outside world by a huge dug channel. Water supply was made from the lake. Some rooms had underfloor heating.

In addition, a large net was dug under the palace underground passages, which connected some rooms with each other. There have always been legends about the magnificent garden of the palace complex. That is why the castle is called Taman Sari, which translates as "blooming garden." Today, ruins remain of the once majestic building. Some part of the territory is inhabited local residents. IN last years restoration of the palace complex is underway. The swimming pool and several rooms have been restored and are open to the public.

Bogor Botanical Garden

This is one of the most famous places on the island. The garden is located near Jakarta in the province of West Java. In another way, it is called "Kebun Raya". The entire territory of the botanical garden has a huge area of ​​87 hectares. In addition, 4 branches of Kebun Rai are scattered around the island of Java. The collection of the garden contains more than 15 thousand of the most diverse plants, comprising 6,000 species. In this place, you can still see plants planted at the founding of Kebun Rai. In addition to endemic plants, there are many specimens brought from other countries, as well as rare species.

The Bogorsky Garden is also called the center for the study of nature. And not in vain, as scientists from all over the world constantly come here. The gates of Kebun Rai are constantly open to numerous visitors. Here you can not only take a break from the bustle of the city, but also learn a lot of new things by visiting the zoological and botanical museum. One of the main exhibits of the Bogorsky garden is a collection of orchids. Some species of this amazing flower are found in closed greenhouses, while others grow in open-air lawns.

Sea of ​​sands

The sea of ​​sands is a unique sight and is located in a large caldera with a diameter of 10 kilometers. Majestic volcanoes have been spewing tons of lava rock for many millennia, which eventually turned into a large one. Once here, you plunge into a special atmosphere.

The landscape that opens up to the eye is very reminiscent of the surface of the moon. A special effect is added by a foggy haze over the crater, which constantly hangs over the volcano.

Thousand Islands

Off the northern coast of Java, you can see a huge number of small islands. From a great height, it seems that there are more than a thousand of them. However, calculations showed that there are about 115 continental formations in this area. Their number may vary depending on the tides. So Jakarta is the only place on the territory of which there are more than a hundred islands.

Latitude: 42°23′58″ N
Longitude: 43°56′12″ E
Altitude above sea level: 1084 m

Java coordinates in decimal degrees

Latitude: 42.3997200°
Longitude: 43.9366700°

Java coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes

Latitude: 42°23.9832′ N
Longitude: 43°56.2002′ E

All coordinates are given in the world coordinate system WGS 84.
WGS 84 is used in the global positioning and navigation satellite system GPS.
Coordinates (latitude and longitude) determine the position of a point on the Earth's surface. The coordinates are angular quantities. The canonical representation of coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). In GPS systems, the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes or in decimal degrees is widely used.
Latitude takes values ​​from −90° to 90°. 0° - latitude of the equator; −90° - latitude of the South Pole; 90° is the latitude of the North Pole. Positive values ​​correspond to north latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative - southern latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated S or S).
Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and takes values ​​from −180° to 180°. Positive values ​​correspond to east longitude (abbreviated east or E); negative - west longitude (abbreviated W or W).
Height above sea level shows the height of the relative sea level point. We use a digital elevation model