Byzantine-Christian Greece. Unesco world heritage sites in greece old town corfu greece unesco

Nomination No. 978, Inclusion - 2007 according to criteria I, II, IV
  "The old city of Corfu."

Brief description of the VN Committee: “The city of Corfu is located on the island of the same name, which lies near the western coast of Albania and Greece, in a strategic position at the entrance to the Adriatic. The history of Corfu dates back to the 8th century. BC. Later, the Venetians built three forts here, which for four centuries protected the merchant ships of the Venetian Republic from attacks by the Ottoman Empire. Over time, these forts were rebuilt several times, the last time under British rule in the 19th century. Residential buildings of the Old Town, made mainly in the classical style, partly date back to the Venetian period, partly to a later time, especially to the 19th century. As a fortified Mediterranean settlement, the ensemble of the city and port of Corfu is remarkable for its exceptional integrity and authenticity. ”

Corfu - Corfu, or Corfou ( greek - Kerkyra, Κέρκξρά, Kerkira, or Kerkyra) - the main city of the historical and geographical region of Greece - the Ionian Islands, the center of the town of Kerkyra and the main city and port of the island of the same name, separated by a strait only about 3 km wide from the coast of Albania; located 375 km north-west of Athens, 40 km from the continental port of Igoumenitsa in Greek Epirus and 125 km through the strait between the Ionian and Adriatic seas from the coast of Italy (from the very tip of the “Italian boot heel”), at 39.5 ° N and 20 ° E, has a population of about 30 thousand people; major tourism center.

This northernmost of the Ionian islands became the site of the settlement of the Greek Dorians in the first half of the 8th century. BC. In 734 BC. on the eastern shore, where the southern edge of the modern city is located, the Corinthian colony of Kerkyra (or Korkira) was founded, from which the city of Corfu has its own history. Now the remains of the ancient city, which they call it - Paliopolis, represent an important complex of archaeological heritage. Soon, Kerkyra became an important intermediate point on the way, connecting the main ancient Greek centers with the colonies of the so-called "Greater Greece" in southern Italy and Sicily. In the 660s. BC. Kerkyra freed herself from the power of Corinth and became an independent city-polis - an ally of Athens, including taking part on their side in two Peloponnesian wars.

In the middle of the 3rd century BC. Kerkyra came under the influence of the kings of Epirus, and in 229 BC. Together with Epirus, she entered the Illyrian Protectorate formed by Ancient Rome - a springboard for mastery in the II century. BC. all over Greece. Being from 168g. BC. as part of the Roman Empire, Kerkyra was part of its province of Epirus, and during the division of the empire in 336. moved to its eastern half, which later became Byzantium.

Despite the onslaught of barbarians, and Kerkyra was attacked by the Vandals, the Huns, the Ostrogoths, the Slavs, and the Normans Robert Giscard (the latter captured the city and owned it in 1081-1084), it remained part of the Byzantine Empire until 1204, that is, until the time of the capture of Constantinople by the crusaders. Then it was taken for 10 years by the Venetians, claiming the Byzantine heritage. Then the Ionian Islands with Kerkyra departed to 1214-1267. to Epirus despotate - the heir of Byzantium in northwestern Greece, and then they were in 1267-1368. captured by the Kingdom of Naples (where the Anjou dynasty ruled then), which then competed in a dynastic alliance with Hungary in the struggle for control of the Adriatic and Byzantium and Venice.

Finally, in 1368, taking advantage of the dynastic turmoil in Naples, the Venetian Republic seized Kerkyra and owned it for more than 400 years, until Napoleon liquidated it in 1797. The island of Corfu (Kerkyra) and several of the Ionian Islands closest to it remained the only Greek territory that escaped capture by the Ottoman Empire, although the Turks repeatedly tried to seize them (sieges of 1537, 1571, 1714), were thus without a break in the sphere Western European cultural influences.

Naturally, the constant dangers of the attack demanded that the Venetians strengthen the defensive capabilities of the city and create powerful fortifications. And this was done, but not where the ancient city arose and existed for many centuries. The fact is that already from the XI-XIII centuries. the population began to leave him and move north to a rocky cape, prominent in the sea, where it was easier to defend against attacks. In fact, it was this place that became the core of the modern city of Corfu - now it is its Old Fortress, or Citadel.

Throughout the period of Venetian rule, the city, fortress and port of Corfu steadily developed, consistently expanding their belts of fortifications and expanding from the Old Fortress in a westerly direction to the line along which the outer wall, which existed until the middle of the 19th century, passed. and the former external border of the territory that now makes up the Old City of Corfu, which has become a World Heritage Site. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe facility is 70 ha.

After the liquidation of the Republic of Venice in 1797 the French came to all its former possessions, who tried to extend to them the reforms born of the French Revolution. For the first time, they lasted only two years in Corfu, being driven out of here by the forces of the paradoxical and short-lived coalition of Russia and Turkey. The Russian navy in these waters was then commanded by Admiral F.F. Ushakov. In February 1799 Russian sailors stormed Corfu fortress. The Allies even founded a new state under the protectorate of Russia - the Republic of the Ionian Islands with the capital in Corfu.

However, after the Tilsit Peace of 1807. the Russian fleet was recalled from Sredizemnomorye, and the French returned to the islands, remaining here until the collapse of the imperial Napoleon in 1814. Then came the turn of the British: until 1864. The Ionian islands remained under their protectorate in the form of the so-called Republic of the Seven Islands (Greek. Heptanisos). This territory was in many ways a springboard for the creation, and then a phased expansion of the Greek state on lands previously included in the Ottoman Empire. In 1864 The Ionian Islands were transferred to Greece.

The subsequent history of Corfu is similar to the history of the rest of Greece: participation in the Balkan wars, World War I, fascist German-Italian occupation in 1941-44, brutal air raids of 1943, during which many significant buildings and entire blocks of the Old Town were destroyed cities. In 1953, when a large part of the Ionian Islands fell victim to a terrible earthquake, the city of Corfu miraculously was not very damaged.

Since the middle of the nineteenth century. The Ionian Islands have become the largest object of international tourism, which largely determined the nature of their economic, social and cultural development, including the study, preservation and use of cultural heritage, especially in the main city of the region - Corfu.

The most notable cultural heritage sites of the city, which largely determine its structure, are the fortification complexes of the Old Citadel and the New Fort. The peninsula on which the Citadel is located was connected to the rest of the territory with only a narrow jumper. The Venetians crossed it with a canal (Contra Fosa), turning the peninsula into an island, next to which a small harbor was created - Mandraki. The natural relief of the peninsula was dominated by two cliffs, which became the basis of two castle fortresses: Morskoy (Kastelli Mare), founded by the Byzantines, and Beregovaya (Kastelli Terre), founded by Neapolitans.

Created in stages by the Venetians, and then a few more developed, with adaptation in the nineteenth century. for the changed conditions by the British, fortifications of the Citadel represent three tiers of fortifications: the lower - along the canal and the coast of the peninsula, the middle - around the foothills of two castles, and the upper - at the peaks where entrance ramps and stairs lead.

Of the individual architectural monuments on the territory of the Citadel, mention should be made: the former Venetian prison, the buildings of powder depots, a huge hospital built by the British between the two peaks, the barracks and the church of St. George in the neoclassical style (1840).

On the northwest side of the Old Town, next to the Old Port, in the second half of the 16th century. the Venetians erected a huge New Fort complex. It consists of several bastions connected by walls and connected by tunnels. Inside the fortress, into which the monumental gate leads, the buildings of the English barracks and the church of Panagius Spiliotis (reconstructed in 1739) have been preserved.

From the New Fort to the south-southeast was the outer wall of the Old City, from which only small fragments were preserved. Now along this line is a magistral street, bypassing the Old Town.

The planning structure of the Old Town has a typical medieval character, although the buildings were built in the 19th and 20th centuries. has been significantly updated. The territory is divided into 10 main quarters of different shapes, occupying three low hills - Campielo, Pateron and St. Athanasius. Between the blocks there are streets diverging from the Citadel and the two central squares and leading to the gates in the city wall (now only four of these gates have survived - Spilia). The layout inside the quarters is irregular and represents a network of narrow lanes 1-3 m wide, with places passing into stairs, or covered by arches.

A significant part of the buildings has been preserved from the Venetian period and has a characteristic appearance - stone balconies, arcades, sculptural frames of windows and two-rails. However, many houses were subsequently built up to 6 floors, and some were replaced with new ones with the development of the former courtyards.

An outstanding attraction of the Old Town in Corfu is the open space of the Esplanade (Greek Spianada) between the Citadel and the urban development. This vast rhombic territory, equal to almost a third of the entire Old Town (length - 600m, width from 150 to 250 m), was in the 17th century. cleared by the Venetians of the buildings of the old settlement, spontaneously formed in the sixteenth century. at the walls of the fortress, for the freedom of shooting serf guns (which originally meant the word "esplanade"). At the end of the eighteenth - beginning of the nineteenth centuries. with the reduction of the military threat, it has become a greened place for walking and social events. Its western side was surrounded by French buildings with arches on the facades, between which many parallel streets with workshops of artisans and merchants' shops are located in the depths of the Old Town 100-150 m - a kind of market zone. And on the Esplanade itself, the British built in 1819-1823. the majestic neoclassical building of the palace of St. Michael and George (formerly the seat of the British High Commissioner in the Republic of 7 islands, and now has become the seat of the Greek administration of the Ionian Islands).

In the central part of the Old Town are two main squares. Area Dimarchion, the former center of social life of the Venetian city. On it is the Cathedral of St. Jacob (rivers. 1754) and the so-called Loggia of the Nobilei (1663-1669 gg.), Transformed in 1720 to the theater, and at the beginning of the twentieth century. to the city hall. On Heroon Square are the churches of St. John (until the sixteenth century) and Faneromeni - the basilica of the beginning of the eighteenth century, rebuilt in the neoclassical style in 1832. by local architect Ioannis Chronis, who owns many other buildings in the Old Town, in particular the Ionian Bank building located on the same square. as well as the former Ionian Parliament (1854). There is also a house, where in 1776. born Ioannis Kapodistrias, the former in 1809-27. in the Russian diplomatic service, deputy minister of foreign affairs, count, and in 1827-31. - The first ruler of independent Greece with a capital in Navplion. Corfu is also home to many prominent figures in Greek literature and art.

North of pl. Heroon is the church of St. Spyridon, the former in the IV century. Archbishop of Cyprus, with its holy relics, brought to Corfu in 1456; he became the shelter of the city and the Ionian Islands (1589-94, rivers 1670). Of exceptional interest is the ancient Byzantine church of St. Jason and Sosipatra - bishops from the Asia Minor cities of Iconium and Tarsus, associates of St. Paul, who distributed in the late I - early II centuries. on Kerkyra Christianity (12th century). But it is located somewhat south of the Old Town.

The city hosts many historical holidays: carnival, Easter, art festival, religious procession with the relics of St. Spyridon.

Measures to preserve the historical heritage of Corfu began to be applied since 1922. In 1967 the city was recognized as a “historical urban ensemble”, and its fortresses as historical monuments. Since the early 1990s a set of measures for reconstruction and restoration is being carried out that meets high international criteria. In 2005 approved the action plan in the Old Town for the period 2006-12.

   Corfu

The Old Town of Corfu, on the Island of Corfu off the western coasts of Albania and Greece, is located in a strategic position at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea, and has its roots in the 8th century BC. The three forts of the town, designed by renowned Venetian engineers, were used for four centuries to defend the maritime trading interests of the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire. In the course of time, the forts were repaired and partly rebuilt several times, more recently under British rule in the 19th century. The mainly neoclassical housing stock of the Old Town is partly from the Venetian period, partly of later construction, notably the 19th century. As a fortified Mediterranean port, Corfu’s urban and port ensemble is notable for its high level of integrity and authenticity.

Vieille ville de corfou

La vieille ville située sur l’île de Corfou, au large des côtes occidentales de l’Albanie et de la Grèce, occupe une position stratégique à l’entrée de la mer Adriatique. Le début de son histoire remonte au VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. Les trois forts de la ville, conçus par des ingénieurs vénitiens renommés, ont servi pendant quatre siècles à défendre les intérêts du commerce maritime de la République de Venise contre l’Empire ottoman. Au fil du temps, ces fortifications durent être réparées et partiellement reconstruites à plusieurs reprises, les travaux les plus récents ayant été réalisés au XIXe siècle sous la domination britannique. Les bâtiments de la vieille ville, pour la plupart de style néoclassique, datent en partie de la période vénitienne et en partie d’époques plus tardives, notamment du XIXe siècle. Corfou, ville portuaire fortifiée de la Méditerranée, est exceptionnelle par son intégrité et son authenticité.

مدينة كورفو القديمة

تقع المدينة التاريخية في جزيرة كورفو، على مسافة من السواحل الغربية الألبانية واليونانية، وتشكل موقعاً استراتيجياً عند مدخل البحر الأدرياتيكي. كما أن جذورها تعود إلى القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد. وقد صمدت الحصون الثلاثة للمدينة، التي صممها مهندسون مشهورون من البندقية، طوال أربعة قرون للدفاع عن المصالح التجارية البحرية لجمهورية البندقية ضد الامبراطورية العثمانية. وأصلحت الحصون على مرّ الزمن وأعيد بناؤها جزئياً عدة مرات، لا سيما إبان الحكم البريطاني في القرن التاسع عشر. وترقى البنى النيوكلاسيكية المنتشرة في المدينة القديمة إلى الحقبة الإيطالية (البندقية) في جزء منها، في حين أن البعض الآخر يعود إلى فترة لاحقة، وتحديداً إلى القرن التاسع عشر. ويُعدّ مرفأ كورفو المحصَّن من أبرز المرافئ المتوسطية لما يتصف به من وحدة في البناء وأصالة رفيعة.

科孚古城

科 孚 古城 起源 于 公元前 8 世纪 ， 位于 希腊 西海岸 的 科 孚 岛 ， 与 阿尔巴尼亚 隔 海峡 相望 ， 占据 了 亚得里亚海 入 海口 的 战略 位置。 古城 的 三座 要塞 由 著名 的 威尼斯 工程师 设计 ， ， 在 400 多年 里 被 威尼斯 共和国 用来 保护 海上 贸易 利益 ， 抵抗 土耳其 帝国。 时光 荏苒 荏苒 ， 19 世纪 英国 统治 时期 ， 要塞 历经 多次 修缮 ， 并 部分 重建。 古城 的 新 古典 主义 建筑 当中 ， 有 一部分 建 于 于 威尼斯 统治 时期 ， 另有 一部分 是 后 建 的 ， 主要 为 19 世纪 建筑。 作为 地中海 的 港口 要塞 ， 科 孚 城区 和 港口 建筑 群 因 高度 完整 、 保存良好 而 闻名于世。

source: UNESCO / ERI
  CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

The ancient city of Corfu

The ancient city on the island of Corfu, located next to the west coast of Albania and Greece, occupies a strategic position at the entrance to the Adriatic. Its history originates in the VIII century. BC, when the Venetian Republic built three forts here, which for four centuries protected its sea merchant ships from the attacks of the Ottoman Empire. Over time, these fortifications were repeatedly repaired and partially rebuilt. The ancient buildings of the city, mainly of the Neoclassical style, date back to the Venetian period and to later times, in particular, to the XIX century. The Mediterranean fortress city of Corfu is unique for its ensemble and the authenticity of the preserved buildings.

source: UNESCO / ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ciudad vieja de corfú

Situada en la isla de su mismo nombre, frente a las costas de Albania y Grecia, la ciudad vieja de Corfú ocupa una posición estratégica a la entrada del Mar Adriático. Posee vestigios arqueológicos que datan del siglo VIII a.C. También cuenta con tres fortificaciones diseñadas por ingenieros venecianos, que durante cuatro siglos sirvieron para defender los intereses del comercio marítimo de la República de Venecia contra el Imperio Otomano. Con el correr del tiempo, las fortificaciones fueron reparadas y parcialmente reconstruidas en varias ocasiones. Las últimas obras fueron realizadas en el siglo XIX, en tiempos de la dominación británica. Los edificios de la ciudad vieja son en su mayoría de estilo neoclásico. Algunos datan de la dominación veneciana y otros de épocas más tardías, en particular del siglo XIX. La integridad y autenticidad de la vieja Corfú hacen de ella un ejemplo excepcional de ciudad portuaria fortificada del Mediterráneo.

source: UNESCO / ERI
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

コルフ旧市街

   コ ル フ 旧 市街 は, ギ リ シ ャ 北 西部, ア ル バ ニ ア と ギ リ シ ャ の 西海岸 沖 に 浮 か ぶ コ ル フ 島 の 東 海岸 に 位置 す る. ア ド リ ア 海 の 入 り 口 と い う, 戦 略 上 重要 な 場所 に あ る こ と か ら, ビ ザ ン チ ン 帝国 や ヴ ェ ネ ツ ィ ア 共和国, フ ラ ン ス や 英国 0 か ら 海上 貿易 の 利益 を 守 っ の 城砦 た こ れ ら 後 、 英国 に よ ヴ ェ ネ ツ ア 沿岸 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地び

Oude stad corfu

De oude stad Corfu, op het eiland Corfu, heeft zijn wortels in de 8e eeuw voor Christus. De stad ligt op een strategische positie bij de ingang van de Adriatische Zee. De drie forten van de stad zijn ontworpen door beroemde Venetiaanse ingenieurs. Vier eeuwen lang deden ze dienst om de maritieme handelsbelangen van de Republiek van Venetië tegen het Ottomaanse Rijk te verdedigen. De forten werden meerdere malen hersteld en deels herbouwd, het meest recent onder Britse heerschappij in de 19e eeuw. De neoklassieke woningen in Corfu dateren deels uit de Venetiaanse periode en deels uit latere periodes, voornamelijk de 19e eeuw.

English

French

Arabic

Chinese

Russian

Spanish

Japanese

Dutch

Outstanding universal value

The ensemble of the fortifications and the Old Town of Corfu is located in a strategic location at the entrance to the Adriatic Sea. Historically, its roots go back to the 8th century BC and to the Byzantine period. It has thus been subject to various influences and a mix of different peoples. From the 15th century, Corfu was under Venetian rule for some four centuries, then passing to French, British and Greek governments. At various occasions, it had to defend the Venetian maritime empire against the Ottoman army. Corfu was a well thought of example of fortification engineering, designed by the architect Sanmicheli, and it proved its worth through practical warfare. Corfu has its specific identity, which is reflected in the design of its system of fortification and in its neo-classical building stock. As such, it can be placed alongside other major Mediterranean fortified port cities.

Criterion (iv):   The urban and port ensemble of Corfu, dominated by its fortresses of Venetian origin, constitutes an architectural example of outstanding universal value in both its authenticity and its integrity.

The overall form of the fortifications has been retained and displays traces of Venetian occupation, including the Old Citadel and the New Fort, but primarily interventions from the British period. The present form of the ensemble results from the works in the 19th and 20th centuries. The authenticity and integrity of the urban fabric are primarily those of a neo-classical town.

The responsibility for protection is shared by several institutions and relevant decrees. These include the Hellenic Ministry of Culture (ministerial decision of 1980), the Ministry of the Environment, Spatial Planning and Public Works (Presidential decree of 1980) and the Municipality of Corfu (Presidential decree of 1981). Also relevant are: the Greek law on the shoreline of towns and of islands in general; the law on the protection of antiquities and cultural heritage in general (n ° 3028/2002) and the establishment of a new independent Superintendence for Byzantine and post-Byzantine antiquities, in 2006. A buffer zone has been established. The proactive policies of restoration and enhancement of the fortifications and of the citadel have resulted in a generally acceptable state of conservation. Many works however have still to be completed or started. A management plan has been prepared. An urban action plan, which is in line with the management plan of the nominated property, has just been adopted (2005) for the period 2006-2012.

As of 2017, more than a thousand man-made and natural sites around the world are included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list. The organization is committed to preserving these unique, one of a kind places, popularizing their cultural, historical or environmental significance. Located in Hungary, Austria, Greece, Argentina and another 161 countries that have ratified the Convention for the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage.

World Heritage Convention

The fundamental document that currently regulates the conservation, restoration, protection and popularization of unique historical and cultural monuments began to take shape after the First World War and was finally formed in the second half of the twentieth century. The World Heritage Convention in Hungary, Austria, Greece and other countries provides the following benefits to properties that have received special status:

• additionally guarantees the integrity and preservation of unique monuments;
• promotes the popularization of objects, the growth of the prestige of the institutions managing them;
• provides priority in the allocation of World Heritage Fund funds to support unique monuments;
• promotes the development of ecological tourism;
• improves control over the state of natural and cultural heritage sites.

Evaluation Criteria

There are several criteria according to which a particular monument can be assigned a special status. Among them, for example, are the following:

1. The object is unique in its kind, exceptional for the civilization that has ever existed and still exists.
2. It is a masterpiece of human genius.
3. It is of extreme importance, the object is directly related to traditions, rites, beliefs, art or literary works.
4. It is an outstanding example of architecture, construction, technology or landscape, illustrating a significant period in history.
5. It is a natural phenomenon, extremely beautiful and has aesthetic importance.
6. The facility includes an important natural environment necessary for the conservation of biological diversity.
7. It is a monument of the past, reflects important geological processes, physical and geographical features.

If a monument of nature, architecture or art meets at least one of the criteria, then it can be considered a World Heritage Site.

World Heritage Lists by Country

The most outstanding monuments (53) as of 2017 are located in Italy. This is the historical center of Florence and San Gimignano and Siena, Castell del Monte castle, traditional dwellings in the town of Alberobello, several archaeological zones, and so on. In second place is China (52), followed by Spain (46), France (43), Germany (42). World Heritage Sites are also located in Austria, Greece, Argentina, and Hungary.

In Russia there are 28 (or 29, taking into account the monuments located on the territory of the Crimean peninsula) heritage sites, including the historical center of the Northern capital, the Kremlin and Red Square, the historical sites of Novgorod, the Solovetsky Islands, the monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, Komi forests, a lake Baikal, Kamchatka natural volcanoes, Western Caucasus, Altai mountains, Wrangel island and so on.

Outstanding Heritage Sites in Greece

In Greece - one of the cradles of human civilization - one and a half percent of the total number of World Heritage sites, namely 18 objects. Most of them are included in the list solely according to cultural criteria, two monuments - according to mixed criteria.

The World Heritage of Greece is represented by such monuments (as an addition to the list):

1. Temple of Apollo.
2. Ruins of Delphi.
3. Acropolis in Athens.
4. Mount Athos is the spiritual center of Orthodoxy.
5. Monasteries of Meteora.
6. Monuments of Christianity in Thessaloniki.
7. Epidaurus is an ancient city famous for its architectural monuments.
8. Rhodes city.
9. The ancient town of Mystra.
10. Monuments of Olympia.
11. Delos Island
12. Byzantine monasteries.
13. Archaeological site and temple of Hera on
14. Archaeological site of Vergina.
15. Monuments of Mycenae and Tiryns.
16. Historical center and monuments of Patmos island.
17. Corfu old town.
18. The ruins of Philip.

Archaeological sites

In ancient Greece, the first settlements appeared 5 thousand years ago. Archaeological excavations of such an ancient culture today are among the names of World Heritage Sites in Greece. These are the excavations of Epidaurus, Vergina, Mycenae and Tiryns, the ruins of Philip, Delphi, the ancient city of Mystras and medieval Rhodes. These places became World Heritage Sites in Greece due to their significance in the early period of human history - they were cultural and historical centers, capitals, and burial places of kings.

Early Christian and Byzantine monuments

Another important period in history - the development of Christianity - took place, including in the territory of modern Greece. World Heritage Sites include monuments of early Christianity and Byzantium, such as the Monastery in Patmos (in this place, according to tradition, John the Theologian preached), the monasteries Daphne, Nea Moni, Osios Lucas, the Church of St. Sophia, the Basilica of St. Dmitry, the Church of St. Nicholas, Prophet Elijah, Mount Athos and so on.

All these monuments have a special religious, cultural and historical significance for the whole world. World Heritage Sites in Greece must be seen with my own eyes. Such significant places will not leave anyone indifferent.

Austrian Special Heritage Sites

There are World Heritage Sites in Greece, Argentina, and Austria is one of the richest countries in the world. The list of outstanding monuments of the Republic of Austria includes nine items:

1. Salzburg Center.
2. Schonbrunn Palace and Gardens.
3. The Dachstein mountain range in the Hallstatt community.
4. Railroad Semmering.
5.   and the historical center of Graz.
6. Danube Valley Wachau.
7. Landscape of lake Neusiedlersee.
8. The historic city center of Vienna.
9. Traditional pile huts around the Alpine mountains.

Five objects are located in the eastern part of the country, three more - in the north-west.

World Heritage in the Republic of Hungary

The Republic of Hungary has eight World Heritage sites. Hungary, Austria, Greece, Argentina - these countries are on the same line as the importance of cultural and historical monuments located on their territory. Outstanding objects include:

1. Budapest. Of particular importance is the historical center of the Hungarian capital, the banks of the Danube, Fortress Hill, Heroes' Square, the State Opera House and other buildings.
2. Ethnographic museum in the village of Hollokö. A village in northern Hungary, whose name translates as “Raven Stone”, is not just another open-air museum. In a small settlement, measured life flows, the same as in past centuries.
3. Caves of the Slovak Karst and Aggtelek. The mountain range in which the caves are located is protected, as it is a unique landform.
4.   at the abbey of Pannonhalm. It is the oldest monastery in Hungary and the second largest Catholic abbey in the whole world.
5. Necropolis of the city of Pecs.
6. Hortobadi National Natural Park. The largest and oldest conservation area in all of Hungary.
7. Förte Nature Reserve landscape. The biosphere reserve is classified as a protected object due to the fact that it has a unique landscape and biodiversity. The natural site is the westernmost flat brackish lake in Europe.
8. Winemaking region Tokaj. They produce white wines, the earliest evidence of the existence of Tokai winemaking dates back to the middle of the sixteenth century.

Eleven Heritage Sites in Argentina

If almost all World Heritage Sites in Greece are included in the list of cultural significance, in Argentina the monuments are distributed more proportionally: three are included in the list according to cultural criteria, two according to nature, and one according to mixed criteria. Outstanding monuments in Argentina are:

1. Protected area of \u200b\u200bLos Glaciares.
2. Jesuit missions in the lands of the Indians.
3. Conservation Area, Iguazu Park.
4. Cave of Cueva de las Manos.
5. Peninsula Valdes.
6. Natural parks Talampaya and Ischigualasto.
7. The Jesuit quarter and the missions of Cordoba.
8. The ancient path in the gorge of Waumac.
9. Unique system of roads in the Andes.
10. House of Dr. Kuruchet.
11. Los Allerses Nature Reserve.

World Heritage Sites (in Hungary, Austria, Greece, Argentina and other countries) are places that are distinguished by outstanding natural, cultural, historical significance for all of humanity. The amazing landscapes and centuries-old stories behind these miracles are certainly worth it to go on a trip and get to know all the sights in person. With World Heritage Sites, Hungary, Greece, Argentina and other countries are open to visitors, so you can buy tickets to one of the countries right now.

Sunny Greece has an ancient historical heritage, famous for monuments of ancient architecture. Great representatives of humanity were born here who made a huge contribution to science, art and culture. Outside the large cities, tourists have something to see: Corfu Island - attractions and unsurpassed nature, accessible to every vacationer.

Kerkyra is the main city of the island, the capital of Corfu. Since 2007, the city of Kerkyra has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and therefore every tourist is recommended to visit the ancient corner of the island. Original architecture, widespread baroque style, narrow streets, graceful windows and attractive balconies - all this is available for acquaintance and admiring.

It is noteworthy that the local architecture will remind you of Italy. Attractions presented on the island of Corfu (Greece) are of great cultural, historical significance for the whole country. Over the years, the Romans, Byzantines, Turks, Goths, Venetians, French and British fought for the right to own the island. The transition of government has affected local architecture and culture.

The most memorable sights of the island are the forts of Neo Frurio and Paleo Frurio. Visit the city archaeological museum, where you can see a collection of objects discovered during excavations of the temple of Artemis.

Paleo Frurio (Old Fortress)

The old fortress was built by the Venetians, and over time it gradually lost its appearance. Now Paleo Frurio has been restored, although not all buildings have survived to this day. The fortress is one of the visiting cards of the island. Various cultural events are often held here.

Most of all tourists are impressed by the thick walls and the view of the island from the very top. You can only go upstairs on foot and do it a little physically, so it’s better to go to the sights in the morning, when it is not so hot in Corfu, and take a bottle of water with you.

Getting to the Old Fortress is not difficult if you drive the island in a rented car. Depart from the island’s capital on Highway 24, 25. The road will take about 40 minutes.

Entry cost   - 8 euros for children and senior citizens   over 65 years of age discounts are provided.

Neo Frurio (New Fortress)

Despite the name, the construction began to be built earlier than the old fortress. From the walls of the structure, tourists enjoy a magnificent overview of the surroundings, amazing panorama.

It is believed that under the base of the fortress is a labyrinth of underground passages. Today, the naval base is located here. The government decided to use the historic site in the interests of national security. But this circumstance will not prevent you from enjoying the beauties that open from the New Fortress.

• Entrance to the attraction is free.
• Opening hours: from 9:00 to 15:30.

The palace is dedicated to the ancient Greek hero Achilles. On the territory of the historical and cultural building there are decorations - sculptures of mythical characters, busts of rhetoricians and representatives of ancient Greek philosophy.

The Achillion Palace was built at the end of the 19th century. The building was sponsored by the Empress Elizabeth of Austria. The project was sponsored by world-famous Italian architects Rafael Caritto and Antonio Landi.

The building received an unspoken name - the Palace of the Sad Empress. Inside the building are curious things. What is the unique ceiling painting done by the hands of the outstanding artist of that time, Gallopi. Inside, tourists are invited to familiarize themselves with the characters of Greek mythology.

The palace is located in the village of Gasturi, which is 10 kilometers from the capital of Corfu. Bus number 10 leaves from the city.

The palace became the work of the hands of the British. They were engaged in construction for several years (from 1819 to 1824). The building was erected from natural material - Maltese limestone. Initially, the idea of \u200b\u200bconstruction involved the construction of the residence of Sir Maitland, who in those years held the high post of High Commissioner. Some time later, the palace changed its owners and became the residence of the Greek royal family. The stay of the British on the island ended in 1864.

Today, the territory of the palace is occupied by the Museum of Art of Asia. It presents more than 10,000 exhibits, which the diplomat G. Manos managed to collect. If you are keen on history, seeing a photo and reading a description of the attraction will probably not be enough, it’s better to hire a tour guide who will tell you interestingly about the museum’s exposition in Corfu.

• Address:   Corfu Museum of Asian Art 49100 Palaia Anaktora, Corfu, Greece.
• Opening hours: 9: 00-16: 00.
• Cost of visiting   - 6 € in the summer and 3 € - from November to the end of March.

Mouse island

The sights of Corfu that are worth seeing are represented by a mass of outstanding places, cultural, architectural and natural corners of the island.

The Mouse Island got its name due to the external similarity of the stairs leading to the ancient monastery of Pantokrator, with a mouse tail.

From here you can see the surroundings of the entire island, the sea filled with unusual colors. According to legend, the island is a ship of Odysseus, which acquired a stone appearance from an angry Poseidon.

The attraction is located   in the northwestern part of the island, and you can get to it only by boat.

Vlaherna Monastery

Among those attractions that you can see on Corfu on your own, the Vlaherna Monastery serves as a must-see destination for tourist stops. A few kilometers south of the central part of Corfu is the Kanoni district, located on the peninsula of the same name. The highlight of Kanoni is the monastery of Vlaherna.

The attraction is located on a small land area, which is connected to the peninsula through a narrow concrete pier. The monastery is connected to the chapel of the Virgin Mary. The azure-colored water perfectly complements the architectural complex, making the picturesque painting of the monastery became the hallmark of Corfu.

The monastery was erected in the XVII century in honor of the Vlaherna Icon of the Mother of God. The miraculous icon remains here to this day. Immerse yourself in the culture of the country - visit this attraction on the island of Corfu in Greece.

Pleasure boats regularly depart from Kanoni pier to the island (during the peak of the tourist season, the interval between boat departures is only 15 minutes).

Monastery of the Virgin Mary in Paleokastritsa

Paleokastritsa is famous not only in Corfu, but also throughout Greece, a picturesque resort located 26 kilometers from the island's capital. It makes no difference whether you intend to go here on your own or as part of an excursion group - you should definitely come to Paleokastritsa! The famous attraction of the resort corner is the monastery of the Virgin Mary.

The modern appearance of the building has been preserved from the XVI-XVIII centuries. It is believed that the first building was founded in 1225. Then the construction was a fortress, which after some time was destroyed and subsequently restored. Today, the Museum of the Virgin Mary Monastery has a Museum where you can get closer to the Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons.

The Paleokastritsa district is full of picturesque bays, where it is recommended to take a breath from a slightly tired tourist. Enjoy the tranquility and tranquility, beauty and clean air of the local region. Crystal clear water, a combination of pebble and sandy beaches - what could be better for a real traveler? Take as many photos as possible for a long memory of a cozy and calm corner.

There are two ways to get to Paleokastritsa on your own - by car or by public transport. Take the federal highway to the resort corner of the island. Departing from Kerkyra by public transport, it is worth knowing about regular buses that run regularly from the capital to the resort part of Corfu.

Note!   To visit the monastery, you need to dress appropriately: girls should cover their heads, shoulders and knees. Attraction closes at 13:00.

Compare accommodation prices using this form

Answering the question what to look at young couples in Corfu, it is worth noting the Lovers' Channel, as one of the island's romantic places. If you are by nature a romantic, besides decided to visit the island of Corfu with your loved one - be sure to visit here.

Not only young couples can enjoy the local attraction: everyone who wants to find a soul mate or make peace with a loved one can come and take a dip in the channel covered with legends. According to local legend, the local ointments are endowed with healing power and help in the fight against many ailments. A cozy place is located in the northwestern part of the island, near the village of Sidari.

In order to preserve world values \u200b\u200bthat are considered World Heritage Sites, protect them from any damage and destruction and pass them on to future generations, in 1945 an organization for the protection of monuments, cultural, science, and educational institutions was created - UNESCO.

The protection of heritage is an important factor in maintaining and strengthening peace, strengthening intercultural dialogue and calls for mutual respect for different ways of life, at the same time enriching the knowledge and skills transmitted through culture from one generation to another.

In order to integrate monuments or natural and cultural sites into the UNESCO World Heritage List, they must be suitable for many criteria.

17 Greek monuments included in UNESCO World Heritage Listsuch as the Acropolis of Athens, Meteora, Olympia, the Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, the royal tombs of Vergina, etc. Some monuments are candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage list, such as the Knossos Palace in Crete, the Samaria Gorge, Lavrion, Nikopol and others.

- Temple of Apollo Epicurean (Ναός Επικούριου Απόλλωνα)

The majestic temple dedicated to the god of healing and the sun, Apollo, was built in the middle of the 5th century BC. on the steep mountains between Elijah, Arcadia and Messinia, on the Peloponnese. The temple combines an archaic and Doric style, with some optical subtleties and architectural features.

- Acropolis of Athens (Ακρόπολη Αθηνών)

Church of the Holy Almighty Savior Christ

Walls of Thessaloniki

Temple of the Prophet Elijah

Byzantine Baths

All the early Christian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki make up a typological series that had a huge impact in Byzantium. The city of Thessaloniki itself was founded in 315 BC. e., it was a big and great city, it was one of the main cities of the Byzantine Empire.

- The medieval city of Rhodes (ΜΕΣΑΙΩΝΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΟΔΟΥ)

Medieval buildings, fortresses, narrow streets, minarets, old houses with balconies, fountains, all this creates a unique feeling of a different era.
  The upper city of Rhodes is one of the most magnificent urban centers of the Gothic period. In the lower city, Gothic architecture is harmoniously combined with mosques, public baths and other buildings of the Ottoman Empire.

- Archaeological Site of Olympia (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΣ)

In the western part of the Peloponnese, in the picturesque valley of the Alfei River, is the most famous sanctuary of ancient Greece - Olympia, which was dedicated to the father of the gods, Zeus. It was an important religious and sports center of the ancient world. The origin of the cult and mythical confrontations that took place in Olympia are lost in the mists of time. The Olympics dates back to 776 BC. e. and continues to the present.

- Archaeological Site of Mystras (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΜΥΣΤΡΑ)

Six kilometers northwest of Sparta, is Mystra, which will take you to another dimension, in the era of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine castle of Peloponnese, timeless, creates an irresistible atmosphere and a magnificent sight.

- Archaeological Site of Delos (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΔΗΛΟΥ)

In ancient times, the legend of the birth of Apollo and Artemis made the island a sanctuary - no mortal was allowed to give birth or die here. The whole famous ancient world recognized the sanctity and uniqueness of the island. From the III century BC e. and before the beginning of the Christian era, Delos had a rich trading port.

- Daphne Monastery, Chios Monastery and Osiu Luka Monastery (ΜΟΝΗ ΔΑΦΝΙΟΥ, ΜΟΝΗ ΧΙΟΥ, ΜΟΝΗ ΟΣΙΟΥ ΛΟΥΚΑ)

Three magnificent monasteries belong to the same typological series, despite the fact that they are at a considerable distance from each other. The large dome of the monasteries rests on an arch, thereby creating an octagonal space. Inside the monasteries there was a rich decoration - mosaics on a gold background, colorful marble ornaments, unique murals.

- Ireon on the island of Samos (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΗΡΑΙΟΥ ΣΑΜΟΥ)

The mythical goddess Hera was born on the island of Samos. Here are the ruins of the temple of Hera - these are 115 giant columns that have survived to our times. Herodotus considered the Temple of Hera the most significant in Greece. The small port in the village of Pythagorio (the ancient capital of the island) is filled with magnificent Hellenic and Roman monuments.

- Archaeological Site of Vergina (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΑΙΓΩΝ ΒΕΡΓΙΝΑ)

The necropolis and the royal palace, discovered in the 19th century in the village of Egon, near Vergina, belonged to the Macedonian kings. In one of the royal tombs, were the remains of the father of Alexander of Macedon - Philip II. The palace is decorated with mosaics and frescoes, dated to the 11th century BC.

- Archaeological sites in Mycenae and Tiryns (ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΙ ΧΩΡΟΙ ΜΥΚΗΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΡΥΝΘΑΣ)

The majestic Tiryns and Mycenae are two large and important cities of the Mycenaean civilization, which dominated and played an important role in the development of classical Hellenic culture in the eastern Mediterranean (XV - XII centuries BC). The historical events in Tiryns and Mycenae, about the life of the ancient Greeks, were often mentioned by Homer in the Odyssey and the Iliad.

- The historical center with the monastery of St. John the Evangelist and the cave of the Apocalypse on Patmos island (ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ ΚΕΝΤΡΟ (ΧΩΡΑ), ΜΕ ΤΗ ΜΟΝΗ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΗ ΤΟΥΘΕΟΛΟΓΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΣΠΗΛΑΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΑΤΜΟ)

The monastery of St. John the Evangelist on the island of Patmos is perhaps the most important monastery complex of the Aegean Sea. Here the saint wrote the Gospel and the Apocalypse. Patmos, with a medieval historical center, is an excellent example of a traditional Greek religious pilgrimage and has significant architectural interest.

- Old Town in Corfu (ΠΑΛΑΙΑ ΠΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑΣ)

The strategic and geographical position of the island of Corfu, at the entrance to the Adriatic Sea, very early determined its special role in the history of the Mediterranean. Therefore, the port of Corfu often played a major role in all the main events of the political history of Europe. In the Old Town of Corfu, there are two historical medieval fortresses that have survived to our times.