The opening of the side ramp on the ship. Ship devices

I would classify the San Giusto LPD as DKD due to the lack of a helicopter hangar (although moving helicopters like Agusta Bell AB-212 from the top to the landing deck is possible), but in the domestic literature San Giusto, like all ships of the San Giorgio type, are listed as DVKD. San Giusto, the third ship in the series, was built on a slightly modified design, with the expectation of using not only as an amphibious, but also a training ship. The fourth ship, the Kalaat Beni-Abbes, the design of which is also modified in accordance with the wishes of the customer, is being built for the Navy of Algeria, and is due to be delivered in 2015.

Main characteristics:

Length 133.3 m, width 20.5 m, draft 5.5 m;
Total displacement of 8300 tons;
GEM 2 Fincantieri GMT A430-12 diesel engines with a total power of 16,900 hp (12426 kW), 2 variable pitch propellers, bow thruster. Speed \u200b\u200b20 knots. Cruising range 7500 nautical miles at 16 knots;
The crew of 16 officers, 180 sailors.

Landing capacity:

350 Marines, 30 medium tanks or 36 tracked armored personnel carriers, (Kalaat Beni-Abbes 440 Marines and 15 units of tracked armored vehicles). Ability to transport up to 1000 tons of cargo. The upper deck can be used to transport automotive and light wheeled armored vehicles:

Technique is moved between the upper and landing decks using an elevator with a lifting capacity of 30 tons and dimensions of 13.5 x 3.5 m.

Landing means:

In a covered docking chamber of 20.5 x 7 m in size and on the landing deck there are three LCA type LCM (or MTM) with a lifting capacity of up to 30 tons. On davits there are three LCVP type patrol boats or MTP type patrol boats. It is possible to unload equipment to the pier through the aft ramp and through the ramp on the starboard side. San Giorgio and San Marco, who initially had unloading to the beach and initially had it, were abandoned (they say that after the death of the Estonian ferry in 1994 in western shipbuilding, the attitude towards the nose ramps is very cool).

Three Sea King helicopters SH-3D (EH-101), or two SH-3D (EH-101) and two NH90, or five Agusta Bell AB-212 on the upper deck. Two take-off and landing positions for heavy and one for medium / light helicopters (on San Giogio and San Marco, after upgrading the deck area due to the removal of 76 mm AC and moving two existing davits for LCVP type aircraft, two take-off and landing positions for heavy and two for medium / light helicopters).

Armament:

76 mm AU OTO Melara Super Rapid, two 25 mm anti-batter AU, two 12.7 mm machine guns.
SMA SPS-702 radar and surface target detection radar, SMA SPN-748 navigation radar, Selex RTN-10X fire control radar, Elettronica S.p.A. electronic warfare system

Ships can be used in the interests of the Italian Ministry of Civil Protection, in humanitarian operations, for the evacuation of refugees, etc. On board there is a hospital with an operating room, a dental office, an X-ray room, a gynecological and maternity ward, a desalination plant with a capacity of up to 210 tons of water per day.

In my opinion, the domestic Ivan Kren air defense base would look something like this if its design did not take as a basis the project 1171 air defense base developed at the end of the 50s of the last century, and relied on the world experience gained in the design and construction of amphibious assaults to date ships.

  (see this word) in fortresses and field fortifications.

Ramp  (French)

1) gently earthen entry for raising and lowering the guns into people on the embankment (ramparts) and sloping descents into the ditches of the trenches to exit them; 2) an inclined plane that serves to lift or lower goods, for example, when loading into cars. The article reproduced the text from the Small Soviet Encyclopedia.

Ramp

Apparel (French appareil - entry)

1. in military engineering a gentle descent at high speeds; it is widely used in trenches for guns and tanks and in shelters for cars, a special device for loading military equipment onto ferry facilities. In the fortresses ramps  arranged for dragging guns on elevations.
2. An inclined platform (sometimes mobile mechanized) or a flat embankment constructed for loading self-propelled machinery in a train or on a crossing facility.
3. A device for passage (passage) to the elevated parts of buildings (see. Ramp).

Shipping ramp

Hovercraft landing ramp

Ramp  - a composite platform designed for the entry of various machines on their own or with the help of special tractors from the shore to one of the decks of the vessel and the exit back. At one end (leading section) it is fixed to the ship, and at the other (end section) it rests in a working position on a pier or shore. In stowed position ramp  almost vertical.

At the place of installation on board the ship ramps  can be airborne, bow and stern; by design - 1-3 sections (the middle section is called the slave); in orientation with respect to the diametrical plane - coinciding with it (longitudinal axis ramps  in the working position is in the diametrical plane of the vessel) and angular (the longitudinal axis is at an angle to the diametrical plane); rotary and half-rotary.

Ramp  - The abbreviated name of the ramp barge in the northern regions of Russia.

Along with high-speed passenger transportation on small rivers, ferry crossings were also widespread. There are especially many of them in areas of Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, where the number of bridge structures across rivers is extremely limited. Crossings are served by ferries and passenger ships.

Ferry - a vessel designed to transport land vehicles, goods and passengers through waterways. The main distinguishing features of ferries from traditional dry cargo vessels are the presence of one or more decks for coasting of land vehicles (cars or trucks, trailers, tractors, etc.), between decks, ramps and ramps for loading and unloading vehicles on their own . These common features are characteristic of all rolling type ships. An additional criterion that makes it possible to class a rolling vessel as a ferry is the presence of more than 12 passenger seats on it.

Intensive operation, the need for frequent mooring in difficult conditions impose increased demands on the controllability and maneuverability of ferry vessels. Transportation by ferry passengers requires the implementation of additional stringent requirements for the stability of ships, especially during cargo operations, when loading various vehicles has a big impact on the position of the vessel.

Ferries are classified by purpose, sailing distance, number of decks, methods of mooring, location of ship devices for cargo operations, type of mover.

On small rivers, passenger and automobile-passenger ships are used.

At the crossings, the pr. 792A court was widely used (Table 22).

Case material - steel grade VMStZsp, superstructures - duralumin grade D16. The recruitment system is mixed. The autonomy of navigation by fuel reserves is 27 hours. A small-sitting open boat for 50 people was designed to carry passengers at river crossings of the Northern Shipping Company. (Project 2044). One-way flight duration 30 min.

Motor ships of projects 222В, 544, 1083 and others are also used for ferrying and transporting passengers along small rivers. MAZ-200, YAZ-200, KamAZ, ZIL-150 and other brands of cars are provided for ferries. Loading and unloading of cars carried out on their own. The carrying capacity of ferries is from 40 to 1000 tons. The type of vessel is self-propelled single-deck ferries with a superstructure and MO in the aft part, ramps in the bow. The material of the hull and superstructures is steel of the grades VStZsp2 and VStZsp4. The recruitment system is mixed. Movers - propellers and water cannons.

The most modern is steam 81400, developed by the Novosibirsk branch of Sudostroenie NPO. The ferry is designed for small-scale transportation of wheeled and tracked vehicles on inland waterways with guaranteed depths of at least 0.8 m. Vessels of project 81400 (see table 22) are built to replace the ferries of project SP40A, which are widely used in the Lena basin. To make full use of the load capacity, the cargo deck area of \u200b\u200bProject 81400, compared to SP40A, was increased by 1.65 times due to a decrease in the length of the afterpeak and MO by 1.85 m and an extension of 5.06 m of the hull. The width of the hull is preserved, and to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe cargo deck applied rails. The height of the board is saved according to SP40A ave. Structural changes allowed to increase the utilization of the deck from 0.366 on the ferry SP40A to 0.498 on the new ship. The passage width increased by 40% (from 3.2 to 4.5 m), limited by the distance between the vertical racks of the ramp.

The type of vessel is a single-deck motor ship with a bow ramp, a cargo deck in the middle part, a superstructure and a MO in the aft part (Fig. 58). The wheelhouse is located on the superstructure. The bow of a sled-shaped vessel. Flat bow contours allow the vessel to approach the unequipped shore with small slope angles, which significantly reduced the ramp length. The stern of the vessel has tunnel formations. The adopted shape of the hull contours and the ratio of the main dimensions provide good navigability for the vessel both in the course of the load and when empty.

Case material - steel grade VStZsp4. The deck and sides along the entire length of the vessel, the bottom at the forepeak, MO and afterpeak are made according to the transverse set system, and the bottom in the middle part is made along the longitudinal. The hull is divided by impermeable bulkheads into 5 compartments.

The power plant includes 2 main engines of the brand 6CHSP12 / 14. The ship’s power source is the DGR16 / 1500 diesel generator, which provides consumers with three-phase alternating current voltage of 220 V.

To replace the main engine and other mechanisms, a removable sheet is provided in the nasal wall of the MO.

As DRC on the ferry open GV with balance wheels.

Of interest is the design of the ramp and pile devices. The ramp device consists of a ramp pivotally attached to the transom, divided into two parts; two vertical shafts with counterweights placed in them; two hand winches and cable block wiring. On serial vessels, a hydraulic drive for raising and lowering the ramp is provided. The ramp length is 3.5 m, the width of the carriageway is 4 m. The estimated wheel load (on the car trolley) is 176 kN. Slopes of coastal slopes from 5 to 20 °. In flight, the ramp is fixed by an automatic stop placed in the stop. The ramp is raised and lowered from the wheelhouse. Anchor device of the vessel - 2 anchors of Matrosov. To raise anchors in the bow on the deck, 2 manual spiers ШР-6-11 are installed. To carry out cargo operations on a stream that constantly turns the ship around and makes it difficult to keep it perpendicular to the shore, a special pile device is provided to ensure that the ferry is held offshore at depths of up to 4 m.

The remaining ship devices and systems are similar to those currently used on small ferries.

Chapter 6. Special Forces

6.3. Special devices for ships with vertical and horizontal cargo handling.

Ship hatch covers are designed for opening and closing cargo hatches during loading and unloading operations on transport ships. The need to increase the cargo turnover of ships requires a reduction in time for cargo handling operations. Containerization of cargo leads to an increase in the size of cargo hatches, which, in turn, makes it necessary to use mechanized multi-section hatches. A large number of types of hatch covers are known, which have turned into specialized ship devices with a vertical method of cargo handling.

With the advent of ships with a horizontal method of cargo handling, the concept of “hatch closure” has expanded significantly. New special devices include various stern and bow closures, ramps, side ports, internal ramps and ramps, and suspension platforms. All of these devices are designed to open and close not only manholes in decks and tweaks, but also openings in bulkheads, sides, through which goods are delivered by loaders or self-propelled. The use of certain types of devices is determined by the level of equipment of the berths, the type of cargo, the structural type of the vessel, its purpose, layout of premises, etc. Consider some of these devices.

Side ports are used on some ships moored to the berth by side. They can be used as the main means of carrying out cargo operations (on bulk carrier ships, car carriers and some ferries), as well as additional to ramps or to ordinary cargo hatches. The design of airborne ports and their dimensions depend on the type of cargo transported, the area of \u200b\u200boperation of the vessel and the nature of cargo handling. Height in the light varies from 1.8 to 5.8 m, width - from 2 to 7.5 m. The simplest design of the side port is a cut-out in the side skin with a waterproof closure, hinged and opening outwards. The closing mechanisms of the airborne ports are equipped with various devices for tight sealing and can be remotely controlled. Cargo operations through onboard ports are most often carried out by forklift trucks, some of which work on the pier, and some in the cargo areas of the vessel.

Figure 15. Apparel: a - coinciding with the DP; b - angular; in - half-turn; g - rotary

The ramp is a composite platform designed for the entry of various vehicles on their own or with the help of special tractors from the shore to one of the decks of the vessel and the exit back. At one end (leading section) it is fixed to the ship, and at the other (end section) it rests in a working position on a pier or shore. In the stowed position, the ramp is almost vertical. At the place of installation on the vessel, the ramps can be stern and bow; by design - one- and three-sectional (the middle section is called the slave); in orientation with respect to the DP, they coincide with it (the longitudinal axis of the ramp in the working position is in the DP of the vessel) and angular (the longitudinal axis is at an angle to the DP); rotary and half-turn (Fig. 15).

Fodder ramps allow cargo handling in ports with unequipped piers. On these ramps it is allowed to drive wheeled vehicles weighing up to 120 tons, while the load on the pier from the ramp with the loader does not exceed 2 t / m2. This is achieved by a large area of \u200b\u200bthe support base and the maintenance of the ramp on the cables during the production of cargo operations. Due to the fact that these ramps have a three-section design, they can be installed on a pier lying both below and above the cargo deck on which they are located. Placing the ramp at an angle to the ship's vessel allows cargo handling of the vessels when mooring them onboard and provides convenient access for loaders without deploying on the vessel at the exit point.

Nasal closures and ramps are used, as a rule, on large vessels and ferries. In the latter, they are necessary even with feed closures to ensure cargo operations with wheeled vehicles without turning them around in the cargo area of \u200b\u200bthe vessel or reversing, that is, for carrying out cargo operations according to the “direct flow” principle, which reduces the time of the ferry to stay at the berth and allowing rational use of the cargo deck area. The nasal closure is most often a section of the upper part of the stem with the casing that leans upward on hinges with the help of hydraulic cylinders, behind which there is a ramp and a waterproof closure in the ram bulkhead.

Suspended platforms are mainly used for the carriage of cars and increase the useful volume of the interior of the ships. When loading, the platform is located at the level necessary for the placement of a particular wheeled vehicle.
   Lifting platforms can be used on ships with both horizontal and vertical methods of cargo handling, as well as on combined vessels. Figure 16 shows a diagram of a ship with a horizontal method of cargo handling.