General Provisions

407 . The living quarters on the ship are divided into cabins and crew quarters.

On those ships where all personnel cannot be placed in cockpits, decks, partitions, etc. are adapted for housing, in which case they are subject to all the provisions for living quarters set forth below.

Ship premises for other purposes used for housing are equipped with basic household items, like residential premises.

On surface ships, it is not allowed to allocate engine rooms and boiler rooms, workshops, navigation, sonar, radio and radar felling, towers, steering machine rooms, diesel or turbine generators, laundries, galleys, bakeries, pantries and other similar rooms for housing.

The personnel of submarines and boats, when they are parked in the base near the berthing facilities, are located on the coastal or floating base. Separate rooms are defined for persons on duty and duty on these ships.

408. Inventory for any dwelling should be taken from the supply service of the ship by the head of the room or by a person living in the cabin (if several people live in the cabin - senior). In the case of a change of manager (seniors) or the cabin is vacated by a person living in it, the inventory must be transferred through the supply service.

409.   The personnel living on the premises must comply with the ship's rules, safety requirements and maintain cleanliness and order in them.

  Team living quarters and their order

410. All foremen and sailors living in cabins and cockpits receive stationary bunks and lockers for things according to the schedule drawn up by the commanders of combat units (service chiefs) under the general supervision of the assistant commander of the ship. This schedule should provide for the placement of sailors and foremen in the living quarters closest to their combat posts, where they are scheduled for combat alert.

411. The living quarters of the team must be adapted for housing and equipped (have for all living a sufficient number of beds, lockers, hangers, cans, tables and tanks with drinking water). Beds of military personnel located in residential premises should consist of blankets, sheets, pillows with pillowcases, mattresses, bedspreads. In addition, in each room there should be cabinets or lockers for storing utensils, items for cleaning shoes and uniforms, for storing threads, buttons, and instrument material. The premises should have adequate lighting and ventilation.

412.   To maintain order in the living quarters and to comply with the necessary hygiene conditions, mandatory rules for all foremen and sailors, uniform rules for storing uniforms, personal and collective items and refueling beds, approved by the commander of the unit (ship), must be established throughout the ship.

413.   An officer (midshipman) is appointed for each dwelling. In addition, the eldest of the persons living in it is appointed by the senior on the premises, whose responsibility is to monitor the implementation by all living in the premises of the rules relating to ship life.

414.   In residential premises it is not allowed to be in outer clothing and hats, as well as to lie down (sleep) at an unspecified time without the permission of the commander of the combat unit or the head of the service (permission must be notified to the duty officer of the combat unit, service).

Between the raising of the flag and the end of the evening verification, the personnel located in the premises must be in the declared uniform.

415 . During shipwork, alarms, exercises, and occupations, only those foremen and sailors who are assigned to live in them according to the appropriate schedule, as well as those who are released due to illness, can be in residential premises.

416 . In each room on special boards or as part of an inventory of inventory, emergency and rescue equipment and the necessary instructions. Portraits, paintings, posters, etc. Hang out only in residential and cultural-educational premises. Portraits and paintings should be in the framework, and posters and other visual aids on reiki. It is forbidden to stick anything on the sides, bulkheads, beams, room furniture, etc.

Cabins, their distribution and use

417. All officers, as well as midshipmen and foremen serving under the contract, are allocated to cabins in order of seniority depending on the position, and with equal posts, taking into account military ranks. One of the living in the cabin is appointed by the senior.

Responsibility for the safety of equipment and property of cabins lies with the persons living in them.

For the temporary accommodation of a large number of officers and other persons temporarily arriving on the ship, and with a lack of cabins, it is allowed for them to take places in the cockpits.

418.   The cabin distribution plan is drawn up by the assistant commander, and his ship commander states.

On the ships where the headquarters and command and control officers are stationed, the cabin distribution plan is approved by the chief of staff of the compound.

Cabins with special technical equipment are not included in the total number of cabins to be distributed among temporarily arrived officers (other persons).

419.   Premises occupied by officers and midshipmen are being cleaned by foremen and sailors according to a tidy schedule.

420.   Leaving the cabin even for a short time, the serviceman occupying it should turn off the lighting and electric heaters. It is forbidden to lock the cabin with a key if the windows in it are not battened down.

Before leaving the ship, a soldier is obliged to roll up all windows in the cabin and turn off the loudspeaker of the ship’s radio broadcast. If the cabin is occupied by two or more military personnel, the responsibility for the completion of the portholes in the cabin is the one who is the last to leave the ship.

421.   During combat, alarms and inspections, cabins should not be locked. The right to enter the cabins is enjoyed by persons who need it to fulfill their duties according to schedules, as well as persons who inspect the ship.

  FOOD RECEPTION PROCEDURE BY ELDERS AND Sailors

422.   Petty officers and sailors take food in the dining room personnel. On ships that do not have a special room (dining room), food is taken in residential premises.

If the situation allows, meals are allowed on the upper deck on outriggers.

423.   Petty officers and sailors for food are painted on tables and tanks. Foremen and sailors should be distributed on the tables of the premises in which they are placed for housing, and so that foremen and sailors of the same department receive food from one tank.

424.   On each table, one of the foremen is appointed senior.

The elder at the table must:

a) before eating, make sure that the table is prepared, and all necessary utensils and tableware are in proper order and condition;

b) while eating, observe the order;

c) after eating, make sure that the dishes and accessories are washed and installed in place, and the table is cleaned and cleaned.

The elder at the table appoints by cask in turn all those who are dining out of the tank to collect the table, receive food in the galley, clean it and wash the dishes.

425.   By the time set by the daily routine, cooking should be completed.

Before the distribution of food, the doctor, together with the ship's on-duty officer, must check the quality of food, the sanitary condition of the dining room, dishes and equipment, and carry out a control weighing of portions. Food, in addition, is tested daily by the commander of the ship or, at his direction, by one of the deputy commanders of the ship.

The results of taking samples of cooked food are recorded in a book on monitoring the quality of its preparation.

At the appointed time, with the knowledge of the ship's commander, the ship's duty officer (on the move - the officer on duty) gives permission to issue food.

For persons who did not appear at lunchtime and dinner on a specified daily routine, food is not left, with the exception of those who were at a loss. Consumables receive food in the places indicated for this after a shift from service or upon return from work.

Food left for consumption should be stored in a cold place for no more than two hours and undergo thorough heat treatment (boiling, frying) before serving.

The food assigned to the work order outside the ship is delivered to the place of work. If the delivery of cooked food is not possible, before sending to work, the team is given food with a dry ration.

Persons of the ship's order of the intervening shift take food before distributing it to all personnel.

  ABOUT CABIN COMPANY

426.   The cabin-company on the ship is a room for collective recreation, classes, meetings and a common table for officers. It should serve as a place for close communication between officers and a cultural center that promotes the education of officers in the spirit of fidelity to the Fatherland, the development of common views on the conduct of naval combat, combat training, staff training and the organization of ship service.

427 . The first person in the wardroom is the senior assistant to the commander of the ship, and in his absence the eldest of those present in it.

In cases where the commander of the ship or his direct superiors are in the wardroom, the first place passes to them.

428.   In each individual case, with the permission of the senior assistant or the commander of the ship, midshipmen, foremen and sailors may be invited to the wardroom outside service hours.

429. Officers are required to have a common table in the wardroom; they choose the head of the table from their environment. Assistants to the commander of the ship and persons older than them in office are not selected as table managers.

After three months after the election, the head of the table has the right to abandon his duties. In case of discontent of officers with the head of the table, he can be re-elected at any time.

430.   The head of the table in his work is guided by the instructions of the senior assistant commander of the ship. He is responsible for the state of the wardroom inventory and manages the messengers.

In accordance with the decision of the meeting of officers on the allocation of funds to improve nutrition in the wardroom (purchase of fruits, fresh vegetables, etc.), the head of the table organizes the purchase of food and cooking.

431.   For cooking, officers on the ship are assigned a separate galley or part of the ship's galley.

Food is served by sailors (messengers) appointed by the senior assistant to the ship's commander.

432.   The meal time in the wardroom is set by the ship's commander.

As a rule, the time of the general table is distributed as follows:

Morning tea (breakfast) should end 10 minutes before raising the flag;

Lunch and dinner are scheduled during crew lunch and dinner.

An additional dinner is set at the general request of the guests in the wardroom at the time approved by the senior assistant to the commander of the ship. Table setting in the wardroom at other times is prohibited, an exception is made for tea, which can be served during the time free from work, classes and exercises, before and after changing shifts on the go.

433 . The ship's commander, if he does not have a specially equipped cabin, is boarded up in the wardroom together with the officers.

434.   Places of officers at the tables in the wardroom are determined by the senior assistant commander of the ship. At the wardroom, officers should wear uniforms. Wearing outer clothing, work clothes and headgear is not permitted.

435.   The tidings of the wardroom are made according to the ship schedule according to the tidings, and between the tidings are broadcast.

436 . For the wardroom of the midshipmen, foremen of the contract service (if the specification of the ship allows), a separate room is reserved for the ship. The senior in the wardroom of the midshipmen is the chief boatswain. With respect to the wardroom of the midshipmen, the above provisions on the wardroom of officers should be guided by.

On submarines, midshipmen can eat in the same room with foremen and sailors.

SHIP ACCESS ORDER

437 . Without checking the documents for the ship, officers and midshipmen of their ship, direct chiefs of the ship’s commander, and also officers of the headquarters of their formation are allowed, but only on condition that all of these persons are well known to the officer in charge of the ship (in small ships - to the commander of the duty station at the entrance ramp ), that is, they know the person who arrived in the person, the position he holds, and his last name.

Petty officers and sailors of their ship on a single return from shore leave, vacation, hospital, business trip, etc. allowed on the ship only after checking the relevant documents.

438.   Military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation who do not belong to the crew of the ship are allowed on the ship after ascertaining the purpose of their arrival. To do this, the officer in charge (the commander of the duty station) calls on a new arrivals with a question, for example: “Comrade Captain of the 2nd rank, to whom and how to report about you?”. After checking the identity documents of the arrivals, and ascertaining the purpose of their arrival, the officer in charge (the commander of the duty post) produces a report to the ship's duty officer, who makes a decision on the visitor’s admission to the ship. In necessary cases, the duty officer on the ship directs the arrivals to the person named by him, accompanied by a delivery man.

439. The admission of civilians to the ship, including excursions and family members of the ship’s military personnel, regardless of the purpose of their visit, is made only by special permits, passes or lists issued by the headquarters of the fleet or the headquarters of the association (formation), after verification of identity documents.

At the manufacturing enterprises that perform work on the ship, civilian personnel are allowed to enter the ship at the factory passes (with a photo card) after checking the list of civilian personnel available on the watch, which is approved for repair work on the connection ships. This list must be timely adjusted and signed by the ship's commander.

Workers of manufacturing enterprises who arrived on the ship to carry out work are registered in a special journal with the ship's duty officer or in combat units, leave a pass for the ship's duty officer (on duty at the submarine's central post) until the work is completed.

440.   About all unauthorized persons who arrived on the ship, both military personnel and civilians, the ship's duty officer reports to the senior assistant (assistant) of the ship's commander and writes to the logbook.

Reception of visitors is allowed only in residential premises, wardrooms, cabins and clubs. The list of rooms allowed for inspection by visitors is established by the ship's commander.

After all visitors leave the ship, the ship's duty officer reports this to the senior assistant (assistant) of the ship's commander. A submarine officer inspects the compartments of the ship.

441.   The stay of elders and sailors who are on conscription, admitted to the ship on personal matters, is only allowed up to 21 hours. Officers, midshipmen, foremen and sailors serving under the contract are allowed to remain on the ship until 23 hours. Staying on the ship of extraneous military personnel beyond the specified time can be extended only with the permission of the ship's commander.

442.   On a submarine during the absence of command or at night, with the permission of the ship's duty officer, only crew personnel who have arrived to carry out service of naval orders are allowed. The officers of their formation are allowed on board the ship with the permission of the officer on duty in the field, in accordance with the instructions of the unit commander, chief of staff or deputy unit commander for the electromechanical part.

Other crew members may be allowed to the submarine with the permission of the submarine commander (officer on duty) to urgently eliminate the malfunction, repair, or in other emergency cases (accident, transfer to combat readiness, exercises, etc.). Representatives of repair enterprises are allowed only by relevant instructions (lists), if there are passes valid at the compound where the submarine is deployed, accompanied by an officer of the corresponding combat unit (by order of the officer on duty at the compound, accompanied by persons on duty).

On the arrival and departure of persons not related to the duty and shift service of the submarine, an entry is made in the logbook of the watch center post.

443 . No one except the officer on duty for the connection, his survivability assistant and direct superiors of the submarine commander has the right to inspect the submarine and check its condition without receiving permission from the submarine commander. Repair or inspection of weapons and technical equipment of a submarine in all cases should be carried out in the presence of heads of weapons and technical equipment.

ABOUT SITES AND ORDER OF STORAGE OF RUNNING WEAPONS

444. On Navy ships, the organization, procedure and storage locations for small arms, ammunition, subversive ammunition and pyrotechnic equipment are determined by instructions developed by the headquarters of the compound and approved by the commander of the compound. In this case, the design features of the ship and the tasks it solves must be taken into account.

445 . By order of the ship's commander, managers are appointed who are responsible for accounting, storage, saving, and issuing small arms and ammunition to it, the place, the procedure for issuing and receiving them, the procedure for storing keys to arsenals, cellars, pyramids, and a place for loading and cleaning weapons are determined.

446.   Small arms and ammunition are stored separately in arsenals, cellars or special rooms, which are protected by persons of the daily outfit of the ship. The hatches and doors of these rooms are equipped with reliable locks and are equipped with electro-sound and light alarms displayed in the cabin of the ship's duty officer.

The opening of the ship's arsenal and the cellar with ammunition is carried out by the head in the presence of the ship's duty officer.

447.   On submarines that do not have special facilities for storing small arms and ammunition, pyramids with weapons and safes with ammunition can be installed in one of the compartments. Pyramids and safes must be securely fastened, locked and sealed by managers. They are equipped with reliable electro-sound and light alarms, displayed in the central post of the submarine, and are given protection to persons of daily wear.

448. Small arms issued for duty and shift services should be stored in the pyramids, and the ammunition for it - in metal boxes (safes) installed in the premises of the ship's duty officer (central post of the submarine). Pyramids with weapons, and boxes (safes) with ammunition are equipped with electro-acoustic and light alarms, locked and locked by a ship (submarine) duty officer.

February 23 is the Day of Defender of the Fatherland or simply “the holiday of all men”. In honor of such an event, we will spend one day at a real warship of the Northern Fleet of Russia.

Photos and text: virusog

The Northern Fleet (SF), formed on June 1, 1933, is the "youngest" of all Russian military fleets. Its foundation are nuclear missile and torpedo submarines, missile and anti-submarine aircraft, aircraft carriers and anti-submarine ships.

Severomorsk on arrival immediately shows his fighting face. Constantly there are monuments to sailors, memorials from guns, rockets, etc.

LED traffic lights immediately catch your eye. And such are everywhere here! On the streets of the city (Severomorsk is also a closed city, i.e. entry here is possible only with special passes) is clean and tidy. You can see right away - they are following the order here.

The next morning we were taken to the port, where we were to board large anti-submarine ship (BOD) "Vice-Admiral Kulakov."  In the meantime, we surveyed the surroundings, a small submarine was unloaded from a neighboring ship. Don't rule out that super secret

  It's time to board. This BOD was launched in 1980, and until 1988 participated in long voyages of the Northern Fleet. Was even in the now rebellious Benghazi (Libya) and in Cuba:

In 1990, the ship was put up for repair, which, together with the "repair" of our country, was delayed for a long 20 years. He managed to return to combat formation only in 2010, and we were lucky to take part in the first naval exercises.

220 people are serving on the ship, including 29 officers and 191 sailors. Sailors are funny and young, there are a lot of “contract soldiers”, but there are also “conscripts”:

The armament of this 165-meter colossus inspires respect:

Before us is the main caliber, 100 mm artillery mount AK-100. There are as many as two on Kulakovo:

When they start shooting from it, it’s better not to be near. Very serious guns.

On the nose are installations for shooting barrage interference (I will talk about them later) with big red stars on board:

Flags in the wind are very beautifully waving. And the wind does not stop here:

Sailors are preparing for firing six-barrel 30 mm artillery mount AK-630. She shoots with continuous fire (high-explosive shells) at a speed of up to 5,000 (!) Rounds per minute and hits targets at a distance of up to 4 kilometers:

And here the sailors are loading shells in electronic warfare complex. The fired charges create a dense veil, similar to a salute, interfering with guidance systems for thermal and radio-controlled missiles, etc.:

When the main caliber started shooting, the journalists fell on the deck. It is VERY loud and scary.

The scenario of the exercises implied not only work on the ship itself, but also the detection of an enemy submarine with its subsequent destruction. 2 Ka-27 helicopters helped to find it. They lowered beacons into the sea to detect the submarine:

To help helicopters flew anti-submarine IL-38  with a cool polar bear painted on board:

At first, the IL-38 dropped radio beacons to also find the submarine, and on the return call it pleased the submarine found with anti-submarine bombs.

Due to severe weather conditions, the bulk of the exercises on this was completed and we could not see 2 Su-33 fighters that were supposed to attack our ship (and we had to shoot from the AK-100 and AK-630).
  I had to go down the bridge and continue the tour of the ship.

Sailor cabins. TV and DVD are tied to a shelf so that they do not fall during a storm. In any interior there are signs indicating the direction of the bow and stern. Can anyone get lost?

There are also such more "chamber" nooks. The lower shelves usually do not sleep, but are used for personal items:

Captain's cabin. It is much more comfortable here, especially due to the cat, who lives here as the owner:

Toilet, i.e. latrine. It is quite civil (except that everyone smokes here, so it stinks decently).

Fighters to guests-journalists are more likely glad than upset. On the one hand, another window dressing, and on the other, even though new faces will see

Captain's bridge  (Wandered there by accident, looking for a way out of the air to breathe). Old Soviet equipment is adjacent to modern computer systems:

There are maps in the old paper version, but on the right they are duplicated by modern computer navigation systems:

I did not recognize the purpose of some computers, since there was no one to ask around.

CABIN COMPANY

CABIN COMPANY

(Ward-room, mess-room, saloon) - a room on the ship for collective recreation, classes, meetings and the general table of the commanding staff.

Samoilov K.I. Marine Dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

Cabin company

premises on a ship (vessel) for officers (command) personnel. In the Navy (Navy) of many countries on the ships there are also wardrooms for foremen (non-commissioned officers, warrant officers). The senior person in the officer’s cabin is (in the absence of the ship’s commander and his direct superiors) the senior assistant to the ship’s commander, and in the foreman’s cabin, the ship’s chief boatswain.

EdwART Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010

Cabin Company

dining room and resting place for command personnel of the ship.

EdwART Maritime Dictionary, 2010

Synonyms:

See what is the "CABIN COMPANY" in other dictionaries:

- (Gaul. Fr.). Common room for officers. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. CABIN COMPANY call. French Common room for officers. An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in Russian ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

CABIN COMPANY, cabins company, wives. (specialist.). A common room for passengers, and on a military ship for command personnel. “He left the company cabin and lay on the sofa.” Goncharov. The cabins were all busy and had to fit in the company cabins. Explanatory dictionary… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

wardroom  - and, well. him. Kajüt cabin + Kompanie fr. Compagnie society, company. Common room on the ship for eating and resting (for commanding officers). Krysin 1998. Lex. Yang. 1804: cabins company; SAN 1847: kayu / t company ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

wardroom  - premises on a ship (vessel) for officers (command) personnel. In the Navy (Navy) of many countries on the ships there are also cabins for foremen (non-commissioned officers, warrant officers). The primary person in the officer’s cabins of the company is (in the absence of ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

The company cabins are a common room for lunch, a joint rest. The term comes from a combination of words: from the Dutch language “kajuit” “cabin” and French “compagnie” “society”. The cabins of the company are practically on ... ... Wikipedia

Company cabins, company cabins ... Spelling Dictionary

  - (from the Netherlands. kajuit cabin and French compagnie society) a common room for the commanding officer of the vessel, serving as a dining room, meeting place and rest ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

  / The material was awarded the regional prize "Journalist of the Year 2011" (Kaliningrad Region) /.

The wardroom is called the calling card of the ship.
  How is the meal and leisure of the officers organized on the patrol ship of the Baltic Fleet "Yaroslav the Wise"? Shared their thoughts about the wardroom companies
  not only those who serve, but also veterans of the fleet.

In any dictionary you will read that the wardroom is a ship's public premises for eating, gathering and collective relaxation of command personnel. The first of the rooms that appeared on the ship during the sailing fleet. It is provided for on all sea vessels, except for small tonnage, it is located near the residential premises of command personnel. The area is selected based on at least 1.4 - 1.5 sq.m. on the 1st place. The term comes from a combination of words: from the Dutch language - “kajuit” - “cabin” and French - “compagnie” - “society”.

Into the fog

... There is fog on the street. In the military harbor clean up. Remove the fallen leaves from the mooring walls. TFR "Yaroslav the Wise" is moored to the destroyer "Restless". Once upon a time, this destroyer had the opportunity to attend the Baltops 2001 international exercises. Then, for the first time, I came across the customs and traditions of the wardroom company in the Baltic Fleet ... Still, I do not serve on the ship. And then, in 2001, he truly appreciated the importance of the ship’s cabin company.
***
  My own cadet memories of an internship at the BPC "Red Caucasus" in the Black Sea Fleet in the late 80s were also preserved in my memory. Being in the last year of the naval school, we were already allowed to have lunch and dinner at the midshipman's cabin. This is one of the most pleasant memories of the time. But now, going to Yaroslav the Wise, I thought that I could find out about the wardroom?
  The captain of the 2nd rank captain Alexei Ivanovich Suglobov, the captain of the patrol ship Yaroslav the Wise, met in a clean, tidy shirt, in business and care, affably. The wardroom is his hobby. For many years, before joining a new ship, which was Yaroslav the Wise, launched four years ago, he was a senior assistant on both esqueers and large landing ships ... And, as you know, he is responsible for the wardroom the first one. Since the captain of the 3rd rank, Captain R. Drozdov, was not on the ship (he was on vacation), the commander of Yaroslav the Wise was on the ship, the commander took over his function.
  - This is not only a place for eating officers, it is also spending time and leisure, especially when the ship is at sea. This is a communication between officers. - It seemed that Alexei Ivanovich wanted to read everything from the textbook. - The specifics of the naval service is such that some officers are rarely found on the ship, because some have a fighting post - in the stern, others - in the bow. They live in different cabins. It’s sometimes difficult to find an officer on the ship, but you can always find him in the wardroom. And talk with him ... And if you need to make some kind of official decision, then a general meeting is held. This cabin company is intended primarily for the collection of officers. But here you can spend personal time too - watch TV, play backgammon, chess. A satellite dish was purchased from us, equipment for general viewing of films was installed. The ship is modern. Seven Stationary TVs. Including one in the wardroom.
All that the commander speaks about is on any ship of the fleet. Well, or almost any. Unless stationary TVs are more a novelty than an ordinary phenomenon. The commander's cabin is the same.
  - In the wardroom, meetings are held, tests are taken, because in fact, this is the largest room where officers can gather, there is also a wardroom of midshipmen, equipped with almost everything the same as the officer’s. She is smaller ... The uniform for staying in the wardroom, as a rule, is cream shirts, a tie. No one should come in shales, and even more so in a T-shirt. Each officer has his own place, which is indicated on the layout of officers in the wardroom. It also shows the time allotted for eating. This scheme is hung out on the door of the wardroom, - the commander conducts an educational program. I listen and think about it. Maybe someone should know these things.
  If you look more closely at the layout of officers in the wardroom, you will notice: it indicates that the ship’s commander’s chair is at the head of the table next to the ship’s logo. On the other hand, on the other side of the table, is the chair of the ship’s senior assistant. There is a designated place for guests - on the right hand side of the commander. Here, by the way, I was also sitting when I was having lunch with the officers at the Yaroslav the Wise Special Purpose Corps.
... And so the commander goes away for a few minutes on business, I take out a book by V. Dygalo, "The Fleet of the Russian State. Where and what went on the fleet." Well, for example, he writes that “the wardroom on the ship, as stipulated in the charter,“ should serve as a place for close communication between officers and a cultural center that promotes the education of officers, the development of common views on naval combat, combat training and organization of ship service ". According to established marine custom, officers in the mess rooms were seated at the table strictly according to seniority. At the head of the table was a senior officer, on the right hand from him the next ranking officer, on the left, a senior mechanical engineer. Then there were senior specialists further, also by seniority in military ranks, junior specialists, watch commanders, watch officers and mechanics. This arrangement created an atmosphere of respect and subordination, highlighted the “senior” and “junior” (as it was customary to say, “tank”) ends All this allowed the senior officer to feel support in the table discussions in the person of senior specialists, and now the positions in the wardroom are equally strictly distributed by the senior assistant commander. The special care of the senior officer, who, according to naval law, was considered the owner of the ship’s cabin, was to create a special microclimate among the officers and establish, as they once said, Esprit de Corps (corporate spirit). According to famous Russian admirals, this unity largely ensured victory in any battle, the successful solution of the most difficult tasks assigned to the ship. "
  Great thoughts, right?
“We still have a tradition of appointing cabin managers,” continues Alexey Suglobov, returning. - Here is his notebook, where he makes all the costs of maintenance, procurement. No one will have a single doubt that this should be. And this is a tradition that is many years old. I came to the ship in March, started this notebook. And before that, she was not here. Well, for example, we are going to military service. In the sea you need to eat well. You need to have good drinking water. We decided to supply water purification filters. Where can I get money for this? Here, it can only be solved together. They also redecorated the kitchen. Bought a new set of knives. Each is for a different type of product. We repaired our cabin company. It used to be cramped. Demolished some partitions. Expanded the space. The only thing we cannot do is increase the width of the dining tables. And they are narrow, and because of this they are not very comfortable. You can’t put an extra plate. But I want the flowers to stand, and bread bins, and bowls with mayonnaise and ketchup ... Maybe this is my personality trait. I like to eat well and eat well. Handsomely! And this is table setting, cooking. From lunch, a person should receive not only physical satisfaction, but also aesthetic pleasure. At lunchtime, we have snow-white napkins on the tables. New dishes. If I eat here four times a day, I want it to be not only tasty, but also beautiful. I was taught that. I was also once the head of the wardroom. Also made up the menu. Supervised the course of cooking. I am convinced that there should be at least three snacks. Here we have - two salads, and fish, lard, sausage, or cheese ... I myself like to cook. Of the first courses, the favorite is bean soup, and the hot dishes are meat dishes. Meat must be cooked in the oven. Here on the ship I did not manage to cook myself, but on other ships it happened. Showed as it should. When you cook, you relax. This is a kind of unloading. I like to cook salads. But the wife mainly prepares at home, ”the commander says.
And then leads to the kitchen. There is a large refrigerator, an electric meat grinder, a new stove, and also a washing machine, a boiler. While at sea, officers can easily wash their laundry without waiting for the water supply, which, as you know, is delivered on schedule on the ship, and is an important component of life support. That is why, for example, the ship's commander does not use his washing machine, installed in his cabin according to the project, because it requires a large flow of water. But in the wardroom, where the washing machine was installed independently, providing it with its own water intake, is another matter. The kitchen is lined with white siding, convenient for washing. New paneling in the midshipman's cabin. On the floor - tiles. Good! Comfortable, clean. I also like the doors on the ship. They are not iron, as on many ships, but wooden. This is also a special chic. Here in the wardroom - a beautiful wooden door.

Team drink tea.

When officers gather for lunch and dinner, the old man comes to me, reports. Invite to the table. Tea most often takes place without my participation. I can stay to drink tea in my cabin. Every evening we have something baked for tea. There is a menu, - notes captain 2nd rank A. Suglobov.
  For tea, the commander has his own cup holder. Everyone knows about this, and no one except him takes this cup holder. In general, drinking tea from glasses with cup holders is a good and kind tradition. True, not all ships comply with it. On many - they put up porcelain mugs without handles for tea. But he who understands the tea, understands the meaning of these cup holders. Especially if they are ... nickel silver, like a commander, with gilding. Or silver ones.
  I remember a campaign in 2006 on one of the ships of the Baltic Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, when a command about evening tea was given, but no one came out to him. Vestovoy set mugs on the table, pulled out kilograms of butter, piles of fresh bread. And then he put it all back. At 21 o'clock at sea in the wardroom was empty and dull. Officers drank tea each in their cabin.
And so there was no time for cup holders: what nonsense, really. So, tea in the cup holder is a kind of ritual. Remember the train. Clinking glasses in cup holders in the hands of a conductor symbolize a certain community that unites each passenger. And the tea in them is for some reason tastier. So on the ship. On the TFR "Yaroslav the Wise", to make evening tea pleasant, bake buns, buy cookies, and jam. Many years ago, being at the BPC "Red Caucasus" at the Black Sea Fleet in the late 80s, it was nice to see how reverent the evening tea was. Then there was the World Cup, and near the TV there was no where the apple to fall. Laughter, jokes. And the personality is in full view. It was in Soviet times, but then, this spirit of community, unity, went somewhere. Disappeared. And already on a long voyage on a BF ship to the Mediterranean Sea in 2006, evening tea was a formality. And the wardroom on this ship did not attract to itself either in the evening or in the afternoon.
***
  It has long been noticed that the wardroom is the face of the ship. I would add all that is happening in the country's Navy. In his life there were not only ups, but also falls. People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR Nikolai Kuznetsov, one of his first orders devoted to the restoration of the wardroom as a meeting place for officers. This was in those years when the word officer had firing-forbidden associations. “Without a wardroom there is no society of officers; without this knightly assembly, the ship dies, loses its soul and resembles an involuntary crew, oppressed by fear, suspicion and gossip, with a whip commander. A ship without a wardroom, like a regiment without an officer meeting, will never be a spiritual unit, ”Kuznetsov’s thoughts are relevant today.
V. Dygalo in his book “The Fleet of the Russian State. Where and what went on the fleet” also emphasizes that “an atmosphere of democracy should be created in the wardrooms of modern ships of the Russian Navy without a parade ground for military rank or position and surnames, respectful address by name and patronymic of senior to yesterday’s graduates and confidential address of young officers to their mentors should be revived. wa, understanding the need for your service for the crew, the desire not to drop his honor.In this shipboard communication center, everyone should have the right to talk on any topic, express their opinion, hear the point of view of the commander, and the commander, in turn, will be able to find out what they live and what "His subordinates think. Only in such conditions will the spirit of camaraderie hover around the ships, which the advanced admirals of the Russian fleet tirelessly cared for as the basis for victory in battle."
***
  “I was on American ships,” says Alexey Suglobov when it comes to foreign fleets. After all, everything is known by comparison ... - During the buffet, waiters serve there. The main thing that I would adopt from the American military is financing. The cost of maintaining the ship, including the wardroom there is of a completely different order.
  Alexey is 32 years old. He will sometimes call himself "old." Not at 32! Experienced is another matter. The commander graduated from the Baltic Naval Institute. F.F. Ushakova. Originally from Sevastopol. From there I came to Kaliningrad. He entered the BVMI. In 2001, he successfully graduated from the artillery faculty. Got on the Baltic Fleet. Then came the Indian orders. He was appointed commander of the management group. And then he served in the TFR fleet. He was a senior aide on Undaunted, Fervor. From 2008 to 2011 he was the headquarters of the Korolev BDK. Since March - at Yaroslav the Wise. But already in the role of commander.
Communicating with him, the conversation turned to the library. On the TFR "Yaroslav the Wise" it is, but in the wardroom there are not many books. As a rule, nobody reads them. This, incidentally, is a characteristic sign of the times. The Internet has replaced the book, and the car has developed a phenomenon such as an audio book, which is listened to while sitting at the wheel of a car on the road. All this is reflected in the life of sailors. To see someone holding a book in the wardroom is a rarity. And, nevertheless, man does not live by bread alone. And the mission of the wardroom is much broader than simple - as a place to eat. It is also the cultural center of the ship. Well, at least that’s how it should be, and it once was.

On the TFR "Yaroslav the Wise", which is a sensitive part, the Internet is prohibited. There is a paradox in this. Why, for example, are mobile phones allowed? These berries are from the same field. Modern smartphones allow you to be on the global network whenever and wherever. That is, the Internet is in the pocket of any advanced lieutenant.
  A promising officer is the commander of a radio engineering warhead (БЧ-7) senior lieutenant Pavel Valerievich Lubnin, a graduate of the VMI Radio Electronics named after Popov 2007. In the conversation, he first expressed the prevailing opinion that the Internet should not be allowed on warships, which is supposedly a possible leak of information. But, on reflection, he noted that any mobile phone can play ... the same joke as a computer connected to the Internet. Nevertheless, he admitted that the Internet can breathe a new stream into the life of the wardroom.
I recalled how, being on a US Navy cruiser “KC George” on an excursion during the exchange of delegations at international exercises in Germany, I saw one of the American officers watching the daughter’s birth through the Internet. She was in the maternity ward of some American clinic. The birth of a grandson was a real holiday for him! And I thought that, for example, Skype could bring “fresh breath” to the life of wardrooms, a novelty in the ossification of habits that impeded progress. Change the relations of military personnel among themselves. How nice, being at sea, to chat with family and friends on the Internet. For the officer corps, this is indispensable. The ability to use the global network is probably on all ships of Western countries. In principle, there is a lot of what's wrong. And if you recall the same "KC George", then in the midshipman's wardroom one could meet a sailor in shorts and a T-shirt sitting with his legs thrown to the table in front of a huge plasma TV. That is where democracy is! But such a picture in the officer cabin on this ship would not be possible to see. Officers in the US Navy - white bone. And by the way, in this sense, Russian and American officers are similar. The only difference is in the monetary content of both. As for additional purchases before going on a campaign, they are also on other foreign fleets. For example, on the Danish corvette "Griben" I saw how sailors, regardless of rank, used the ship bar, which stored mineral water, cola and juices. Each, taking out a jar, made a note in a notebook about this, and then paid for his requests from his own pocket.
“The wardroom company presupposes a kind of tradition,” notes the young officer Lubnin. - I believe that these traditions should be maintained. The first is the meeting place for officers. This is a place where it would be customary to talk not only about service ... Somehow a few years ago in the wardroom of one of the ships I saw a piano. One could hear the sound of this beautiful musical instrument on the ship. It struck me as a memory. We do not have a piano. Yes, probably today you rarely see him on a ship. And, in my opinion, this is an omission. Now, if you watch Soviet films about military sailors, then in some wardrooms they play the piano there. Well, now maybe karaoke can be somewhere. But real musical instruments have passed away from the lives of sailors, ”says officer Lubnin and continues,“ the wardroom is like a kitchen in a house. ” I am a supporter of the traditional cabin without a computer with Internet access. That is, you can come to a cafe, to a restaurant, you can meet free Wi-Fi there ... To see how everyone got their laptops, buried themselves in them and nobody sees anyone. Because of this, live communication is lost. This should not be on the ship. We must communicate with each other, and not go into a virtual environment ... In my opinion, there must be a middle ground. It is necessary to find a reasonable application for this. Although, we are military people. We have many limitations. And to protect the state secrets. Although, as a radio electronics engineer, I know what, for example, a mobile phone is capable of. The included phone can be a great listening device ...
   Officer Lubnin has strong-willed qualities of character, but, in his youth, his thoughts are still floating. It is clear that talking about the Internet on a warship is one of the topics of conversation with him. Communicating with the young officer, I realized something else - everyone on the ship is interested in being their home, and the crew as one family. In this sense, the memories of former military sailors are very valuable.

Call to the kitchen

Deputy commander of the cruiser Admiral Zozuly for educational work (1993-1995) captain 1st rank Sergey Vladimirovich Kuksa, with whom I talked on the eve of my trip to Yaroslav the Wise, gave an example of how in 2007 he went on a trip to the TFR Undaunted.
“Once I was the deputy commander for the educational work of this ship,” says Sergey Vladimirovich, “... And in 2007, during the campaign, I was disappointed with the wardroom. ... Somehow, one of the great commanders, the admiral, while visiting the ships during preparation for the completion of the course task K-1, noticed that he, as an experienced person, just needs to visit the wardroom on the ship, to pay attention to whether the sailors are getting to the side when they pass officers, especially junior officers, and a definite impression of the life of sailors. And then - exercises, trainings and so on ... But according to these first signs, it will be possible to guess how these exercises will end. If in a wardroom there is a bad situation, or in general a crib, then the same will be the case. Nothing! If the sailors treat the lieutenants negatively and will still kick with their shoulders, then it is clear that there will be no order on the ship. Therefore, in my opinion, it is important which cabin company on the ship.
   Here I give one not very beautiful example. Somehow (it was in the 90s) I came for evening tea ... Lieutenant commander of the BS-4 is sitting next to me. They brought me tea. And the messenger seemed to be preparing to serve tea to the lieutenant. There’s a call. Westov ran away. He is called by the start-up. Vestovoy returns, takes this tea, bears the old man. The lieutenant is sitting, waiting. Vestovoy again pours tea, sort of like a lieutenant. Call again. He throws everything. Running to the corridor. His deputy, it turns out, called. He takes tea with pies and runs to him. The third time he pours tea to the lieutenant. Call again. Westov ran away. He was summoned by a security officer on a campaign. The lieutenant is kind of embarrassed. He already buttered bread. He sits with his teeth squeaking from resentment. And ... I could not stand it. He threw the knife and left. It turns out that instead of feeling like an officer in the team, feeling that you are part of a certain corporate community, you experience a negative, some kind of humiliation ...
In 1983, I came to the TFR “Watchful”. And somehow I came for evening tea. On TFR of these projects - two tables in the wardroom. But the messengers served only one table for evening tea. And so I came once, and took a free place. Was so happy. And the commander of the warhead-7. An experienced officer. He sits down next to me and says, "Lieutenant, I ask you to remember that when I am on board, I should not take my place!" From these words, I practically drank this hot tea in one gulp, and ran away. I was not clever, because I took someone else's place. But he had to ask the messengers whether or not an officer was on board. These were elements of education - respect for elders.
***
  This evening tea has already filled my teeth. I also saw something similar on campaigns. I saw how the news officer turned out to be extreme in such a situation, and to the reproaches of his colleagues, saying that why you are serving the wrong officer, he had to use force and then deal with the prosecutor. Although, this messenger was a good-natured young man. Simply, all this mess with evening tea, which should be just a pleasant time, turns into a nightmare on many Russian warships. And here you understand why the commander drinks tea in his cabin ... And it’s also clear that a strong-willed decision can’t fix things here. Here, the thinking of people who themselves would want to be together in the evening, at the same table, without military regalia, should change. Especially if the ship is at sea.
“And this can be said not only about evening tea,” Sergey Vladimirovich continues. - Even after verification, we returned to the wardroom, watched TV, talked. And it was in the order of things. In 1986, at the crossing by sea to the Druzhny ICR, I went into the wardroom completely without any tension. There was no pressure, they say, someone is sitting here - the commander or some even higher boss. It is worth remembering that time also because no one could enter the wardroom dressed out of shape. I then could not even imagine that someone would come for lunch in slippers, or in a single vest. I still can’t perceive it. But sometimes I see, unfortunately, when an officer comes to the wardroom in shales on his bare foot. It has always been like this for us to come to a meal in a cream shirt. This also characterizes a person. Probably less requirements were in the midshipman's wardroom. But ... At one time, I served on the Grozny missile cruiser when he was commanded, and later became Rear Admiral, Mikhail Fedorovich Pinchuk. He periodically hinted to the senior midshipman's cabin company to the chief boatswain (and the main boatswain on the cruiser is a figure), saying that he should be invited to the cabin company. And the midshipman prepared for this. The cleanest tablecloths were delivered, additional snacks were put. The commander came to them for lunch, talked, they talked to him about their problems.
   In general, with regard to the cabin company on the ship, in one of the films about the Soviet army there was such an episode - the army officer after some exercises got on the ship, in the cabin company, for lunch. Cleanliness, order, sconces shine, beautiful table setting, easy chairs. And I emphasize this - an army officer. A few hours ago he was in the fields, knee-deep in the mud. And then they bring him 50 grams of the people's commissar’s, and he says, they say, “Yes, you can fight like that!” To which the ship commander, realizing his sarcasm, replies: “Yes, it is possible! Because we have a great ship, a great crew. ” And in this sense, the presence of the wardroom is, of course, some advantage over the ground forces. Good commanders, after all, become almost a restaurant on board a warship. There you have wine glasses, and wafer napkins and cutlery made of excellent steel. And this is prestige. If someone else plays the piano. Yes. This is where the elite of the Armed Forces.
Here is an example that sometimes even cutlery helps in the maritime service. Probably the biggest pedants in table setting on warships are the British. On the tables in their wardrooms there are two tablecloths (white long and dark short), several wine glasses next to plates on which are snow-white wafer napkins. Necessarily flowers in the center of the tables, and, of course, comfortable cutlery. Moreover, silver. No wonder the British Navy is called the royal. During the military conflict in the Falklands, one of the English ships failed some important device. The ship became virtually uncontrollable. The sailors assembled the cutlery, re-melted them, made the necessary part out of the re-melted silver, and replaced it.
   “... Of course, just to satisfy your hunger, you can have a bite to eat on the newspaper in the cabin.” You can, as in an airplane, get disposable lunch bags, eat and - everything is fine. But, if we talk about a certain element of education, then just a snack will not work. An officer should feel like an officer, he should have a sense of elbow, corporatism ... At one time, an instruction was developed on how and what should be organized in the wardroom, ”continues Sergey Vladimirovich Kuksa. “The messengers knew who should be served first.” The commanders were proud of their messengers. For them, a uniform was developed. Now she, however, is the same for everyone. And we once thought up a form for messengers. So she was beautiful. The officers' wives sewed her. And the messengers liked these clothes. They even ran on dismissal. And now look, in many wardrooms, vests in greasy shirts, in dirty trousers. It seems to me that the main problem there is the devastation in the heads, that’s what ...

Crew - One Family

Communicating with the officers, the veterans could not help but wonder what useful things should be brought out of the previous years of naval life. And in this regard, the recollections of the former commander of the Grozny missile cruiser Rear Admiral, retired Mikhail Fedorovich Pinchuk, were very important.
- I served on the cruiser for 16 years and 10 days, having come to him as a lieutenant. And he got into the officers' mess four years after the start of his service, ”he recalls. - If there were divisions, brigades, cabin company on board, we had a very large company. Of course, I could eat in the fourth call, but why do I need this? So I ate with the sailors, and it suited me. For me it was generally not shameful to be interested in what a sailor lives on a ship. And it didn’t stop me from becoming a rear admiral later ... The success of good ships that go to sea, shoot, where good preparation depends on how the officers take care of the sailors. While in the wardroom, they must remember that there are still sailors. And if they do not remember this, then this leads to offenses in the sailor environment. We often happened to sit with officers in the wardroom after evening tea, talk and then go along the sailor’s cockpits to talk to the sailors. And I emphasize once again that such an attitude towards the sailors did not prevent anyone from becoming admirals in the future. We are ordinary people, from peasant families well understood that everyone - both officers and sailors are on the same ship.
  ... How not to feed the sailor ?! He is young, he walks on iron. If officers drink tea, then the sailor should drink tea. On the ship, everything comes from the wardroom, from the kitchen. If there they shout and swear, then, as they say, everyone hears bulkheads. Or if there are violations, then the sailors allow themselves to violate something. None of the officers there should allow themselves rudeness, arrogance, rudeness. You can not swear, conflict with colleagues. This is a place for pleasant communication. These are the traditions of the Russian fleet since the time of Peter the Great. As officers behave in the wardroom, so does the sailor.
***
   Mikhail Fedorovich recalls that the cruiser "Grozny" always had hot tea in the wardroom - day and evening, and night. There was a teapot in the kitchen. Vestovoy wrapped him in a towel so that the heat remained longer, and everyone could come and ask for a glass of tea at any time. And it was not shameful. And the glasses on the cruiser were in silver (!) Cup holders. And they had to be cleaned to make them shine.
- Officers should definitely think about the sailor. And each at his post, and in general, on the scale of the entire ship. We tried to make it that way. For example, our first dish has always been the same for everyone. It was prepared for sailors, midshipmen and officers, ”continues Mikhail Fedorovich. “This emphasized that every member of the crew, whether an officer or a sailor, should eat normally.” Another thing is that, of course, the table setting was different for the sailors. But that was required by the charter. And the sailors treated this with understanding.
   Communicating with retired rear admiral M. Pinchuk, we talked about spending leisure time in the wardroom. I heard that the piano often sounded on the cruiser ....
   - In the wardroom there is always a piano. Yes you! The piano is sure to eat! - He was indignant when he heard that many ships now have no piano. -... I think there is everywhere. And if not, it means they didn’t. There are things that should just be in the wardroom. And the piano is one of them ... And yet - you must be able to listen and ... eat!
   After Mikhail Pinchuk, leaving the cruiser, led the brigade of surface ships in Liepaja, he faced one problem that was not very noticeable to outsiders.
   “When I came to the brigade, I saw that many officers on ships eat spoons of both the first and second and salads,” he says. “And I had to teach them.” Showy lunches, dinners and so on were arranged. Tables were served, all the best was delivered. He invited ship commanders to the best wardrooms to study there. Well, how so! The commander of the ship eats meat with a spoon! I taught my subordinates not only to shoot well, but to eat beautifully. I had to spend a lot of energy to change the situation .... Sorry, but on a cruiser table setting is serving! This is, firstly, ten to twelve appetizers. These are excellently prepared dishes. There were tacit competitions where they are better served. Accordingly, the officers should have had good manners at the table. The wardroom on the cruiser is solid. There you need to know what to say. Select words. It is also a kind of information center. Officers came, news reported. Each is about what he was responsible for.
   This was understandable. After all, then ships for 6-8 months were in the campaigns. Where but in the wardroom to exchange news.
   When the "Terrible" was written off, Mikhail Fedorovich, already retired, was building a summer house. And he asked that they give him something from the cruiser’s wardroom. I decided to do the same, but on the shore.
“And there, after all, there was lining - nut-like, Czechoslovak,” he says. - Lamps, ship watches, etc. Entourage. He made the cabin company "Grozny" in miniature at his dacha. She was very proud. But, alas, the cottage burned down. You can’t even imagine how bad I felt at heart! Was depressed. Worried about it. And not even for the cottage, but for his wardroom. For three years he could not go to the ashes. Then he finally restored it. But she is not the same.
   Of course, I could not help but ask Rear Admiral about how the evening tea was conducted on the cruiser "Grozny".
   - Such that someone would not come for evening tea, you could not even imagine! - He notes. - It was a must for everyone and everyone. Only the commander could afford to drink tea in the cabin. Moreover, the cruiser commander could also eat separately in the cabin. But this tradition did not take root. He ate with everyone. But not to come to evening tea was considered the same as to go AWOL. Therefore, I can’t understand why officers do not go to evening tea on some ships today. After all, this is evening ... Here I drank tea, ate a sandwich, and then communication went on. And somehow you perceive some difficulties existing in life and in service differently, you start to relate to something with humor, and you cease to notice some things at all. And the soul is brighter. Well, how not to come for evening tea ?!
   Mikhail Fedorovich saw political motives in the organization of the wardroom, and here it came down to me.
   - The wardroom also plays a political role. They are not going to discuss something on the navigation bridge. In this sense, I would single out the journalists who should be well received in the wardroom, because then they will write about the ship, and it is important that this opinion be good. Well, if there’s a mess on the ship in the wardroom, then there’s nothing to be done. You cannot make a journalist write a lie. Therefore, I always said that try to show your best side! It doesn’t matter which journalists - Russian, English, American. It is important to show yourself in a good way. This is not just important, but very significant!
***
... He left Yaroslav the Wise, and the commander Aleksey Suglobov showed brass blanks — the officers’s nameplates that he wants to attach to the cabin doors. Probably, it may seem ordinary to some people - brass nameplates living in a cabin, but I see this as an important element of ship life - people don’t live on the ship temporarily, they come here to serve and live for a long time, and that’s why have the right to live here poorly. And the main indicator of this naval officer’s ship life is the wardroom, which combines the characters and fates of military sailors.

Under the flag of St. Andrew. Russian officers in the service of the Fatherland Nikolay Manvelov

Chapter 12. Cabins –company

Chapter 12. Cabins –company

Modern dictionaries define the concept of “cabin-company” as “a room on a ship (vessel), which serves for collective recreation, meetings and the general table of officers”. However, for the Russian Imperial Navy, such an explanation would not be entirely accurate. This is what article 1113 of the Maritime Charter of 1899 states:

“The wardroom is a place for officers to join in their free time. All those in it are obliged to observe decency and order, worthy of a noble society of officers. ”

Historically, the cabin-company on the ship was a cross between the onshore Naval Assembly (not quite an exact analogue of modern Officers' Houses) and the military council. All friction that existed between the officers during the service or on the shore was forgotten when crossing the cabin-company threshold. It was in the cabin company that the decision was made to resist the superior forces of the Turks by officers of the Mercury brig in May 1829.

Like the ship as a whole, the cabin company had its own rigid hierarchical system, which was not only not accepted to be violated, but even impossible - it was about traditions that had been worked out for centuries. In this case, we can talk about a certain analogue of the ship's “parliament”, which, although it was not a legislative body, but its consolidated opinion was very weighty and always played a big role.

The head of the cabins was a senior officer. He settled conflicts between community members, and also presided over in all cases where a collegial decision was required. We also add that the senior officer had two votes when voting, and not one, like everyone else. Therefore, if the votes were divided equally, then the opinion of the senior officer was always decisive.

With the introduction of the post of assistant senior officer on ships of the 1st rank after the Russo-Japanese War, the assistant also appeared at the chairman of the wardroom. However, the real power still remained with the "elder".

The wardroom had its own unwritten laws. For example, it was allowed to smoke here without the permission of the ship's commander, which was mandatory, for example, on the deck (a ban on smoking - permanent or temporary - could, however, be introduced by a senior officer). By the way, for wearing a headgear in the headquarters company, one could easily “get” a remark in the order - for example, Fleet Engineer-mechanic Corps Lieutenant Wilhelm Dmitrievich Brod was punished in 1908 for appearing in a cap.

It was strictly forbidden to discuss Russian political problems (including criticism of the Russian Imperial House), as well as issues of religion and personal relations. The senior officer closely monitored all the discussions, and if necessary, suggested moving the conversation to a neutral topic — for example, hydrographic surveys of the Northwest Passage, or baking bagels and gingerbread cookies. It was impossible to disobey the chairman’s words.

As entertainment in the wardroom, craps and some other games (for example, backgammon) were allowed, the main thing is to not for money.

It wasn’t accepted to be late for food - the officer who was detained for contempt of the community could easily be sent home. The punished could return only after the meal was over, and he would have to bite off completely alone. The exception was cases when a late officer was in charge of one or another urgent work on the ship or carried out the order of the commander or flagship.

If guests were invited to the ship, then an invitation was never made on behalf of only the commander. On the contrary, the formula “commander and wardroom” or “wardroom” was used as the “name of the sender”. If the guest was exclusively a guest of the commander, then he could not cross the threshold of the cabin company (technically it was not difficult, since the commander’s room always had a separate entrance).

Not every stranger could become a guest in a cabin company. For example, the gendarme officers were strictly denied access (by the way, the children of the gendarmes were not enrolled in the Guards crew). On the other hand, not inviting any other officer or engineer to even a cup of tea was a rarity.

If an officer came to the wardroom, and the senior officer was already in it, then you should definitely ask permission to enter.

And one more, very important detail. All members of the wardroom, regardless of military rank, turned to each other by name and patronymic. Ranks and titles remained on deck or for official service calls. The pride of any cabin company was the rejection of the use of ranks and titles, even in an office setting. And there were many ships where this rule worked. Mainly, it was about relatively small vessels of the 2nd rank, as well as warships, welded together by long campaigns and battles.

The order in the cabin-companies was supported by specially selected messengers ("clean" in the ship's jargon). They served as waiters, washed dishes and kept the room clean. Cabin-companion messengers usually appointed the most neat (hence, apparently, “clean”), honest and helpful sailors. The Chistyaks usually engaged only in servicing the cabins, however, on small ships, where each person was on the account, they were seconded to the officers.

Garald Karlovich Graf recalls:

“To keep the cabin clean, as well as for minor services, one officer was appointed for several officers. They were usually chosen from young sailors who were not specialists. Since each officer paid them a small salary, such an appointment was considered profitable, but at the same time restless and responsible. Some country boy who had never been to a manor house and did not know how all this is done by the gentlemen there, suddenly turned out to be a messenger. Although his duties were not too complicated, he still had to be able to tidy up the cabin, “arm” a tunic, frock coat and uniform, clean his boots, etc. In addition, the messengers tidied up the wardroom, covered and cleaned tables and served at lunch and dinner. They were initially terribly embarrassed that they always had to be among the officers, their superiors. At the beginning of a young messenger's career, inevitably a lot of misunderstandings arose, often very funny. The old messengers will teach the beginner how and what to do, and he will mix up and do stupid things, and the master will "get angry." And how can one not be angry here if there is no shoulder strap on the tunic or on the coat instead of an epaulette - shoulder straps, and this will be revealed at the last moment when you need to be ready. Many oversights came out with the return of the laundry to the laundresses and when serving: the linen turned out to be confused; when serving dishes, the dishes were too tilted, so the sauce spilled, and when serving glasses, as a precaution, so as not to break, dirty fingers got into them.

I remember one very glorious but stupid messenger Ivanov. Ask him: “Ivanov, bring tea” - drags a glass without a saucer. Without knocking, he gets into the cabin. You will call him: “What do you want?” - “Yes, so, your ... wandering, I wanted to see if you are sleeping.” And then he flies into the cabin and reports:

"Your ... wandering, the watchman requires you." - “How does the watchman demand me like that?” - it turns out that the commander sent the watchman and demands to himself. You say: "Ivanov, wake up at this or that hour." - “I’m listening, your ... wandering” - wakes up an hour earlier. “So I forgot, your ... wandering” But it wakes up so energetically that you look away from the bunk and steal it.

But such unsuccessful messengers were rather the exception. Most of them quickly mastered and showed such exceptional skill and care in servicing "their master" that they spoiled him with this. All the master’s property vividly turned out to be in full and uncontrolled jurisdiction of the messenger, and he even often disposed of his money. Speaking with their officer, they always turned in the plural, that is, they completely attached themselves to the "master": "we have no more cigarettes", "we need to give the laundry to the laundresses", etc. The "master" himself, in in the end, he did not know where and what he had and how much he had, and without his faithful “licharda” he could not find anything decisively. Therefore, he got into a difficult situation, if he was at the right time on the shore “near the laundresses”, usually served as an excuse for the messengers to go ashore on a weekday.

True, among them were dexterous guys who, caring for the "master", did not forget themselves: they smoked cigarettes at the box office, wore his underwear when they thought that thrown out in the dirty was enough for them to wear. In addition, they were necessarily located with their property in one of the cabiners of the cabin. ”

In addition to common traditions, each ship could have its own. So, Sergey Kolbasyev, describing the life of the destroyer "Dzhigit", mentions that the officers of this vessel had a very interesting habit - "when sharing exits, strictly follow the commander’s dress in all its smallest details."

So, the cabin-company lived by the rules, which today would probably be called the "code of corporate conduct." After all, naval officers were a real corporation, jealously guarding traditions from the time of Peter the Great, when part of even more ancient customs “migrated” from foreign fleets.

If the commander of the ship could be compared with the constitutional monarch or the president, then the senior officer in the wardroom, as we recall, was the chairman of parliament. It was he who presided over the Naval Marine Assembly and spoke on his behalf.

The members of the cabin were all officers, officials, as well as naval doctors and a priest, who, in the rank of army captain, was equated with officers. In the wardroom, all divisions into “white” and “black” bones were forgotten, even “tricks” regarding officials were forgotten.

The commander was not a member of the community, and the reason for this was very simple. As we have already noted, the wardroom was an autonomous institution, and in the ship's "public" life it did not obey the commander - the wardroom and the commanding salon did not often intersect in their interests.

During the sailing fleet, several midshipmen and navigational conductors (senior cadets of the Navigation School in Kronstadt) could be assigned to circumnavigations of the world, so they could often be offered to camp in the wardroom. But most often they lived in a large "midshipman" or "conductor" cabin, where they practiced and ate. The food was usually cabin-companion, and the midshipman's cabin was served by companion cabins.

Eight senior pupils of the cadet corps lived in the midshipman’s cabin on the already familiar Korshun corvette — the cadet Ashanin was assigned to the ship shortly before leaving “in the distant”, so he had to be settled with the priest. As for the two navigational conductors, they, apparently, lived in a cabin similar to the one where their colleague from the Marine Corps lived with the priest.

In exceptional cases, the cabin-company at its meeting could demand the removal of one officer or another from the ship for actions that dishonor the Russian naval uniform.

Here is an example of Midshipman Fyodor Aleksandrovich Bouche, who turned out to be "out of court" in the wardroom of the squadron battleship Sevastopol, who distinguished himself during the defense of Port Arthur.

Buche was promoted to warrant officer in 1901, and before being appointed commander of Sevastopol as a watch officer, he managed to serve Sextan and Artel in Baltic transports. On an armadillo, he reached the post of junior artillery officer, but then the Russo-Japanese War began, putting a fat cross on his career.

Here is what his boss, the commander of the squadron battleship Sevastopol, Captain 1st Rank Nikolai Ottovich von Essen wrote about Bukh:

“... I was very dissatisfied with him, as a very unscrupulous performer and generally useless officer on the ship. After the fight on July 28when it took ship landing to repel the assaultBuhe was sent as a half-company commander, but, being in positions, in difficult times left the half-company and went to the hospital, although he was not wounded. After this incident, the cabin-company of the battleship “Sevastopol” did not want to have midshipman Buchet, and he never returned to Sevastopol. ”

And here’s a tip from another officer, a Port Arthur defense participant, Mikhail Vladimirovich Bubnov: "A cowardly and completely mediocre officer for naval service."  Add: in 1906, Bouchet was dismissed at the request of his former heads of Port Arthur. However, in the next rank of lieutenant he was still fired.

As we recall, according to the old tradition of the Russian Navy, the members of the wardroom addressed each other by name and patronymic. Moreover, even the admiral could make an offer to titulate himself like that. Naturally, such treatment was practiced only outside the office hours, although there were exceptions to the rules. Appeal to each other by rank was considered a solidarity, inherent exclusively to the ground forces.

Here is how the writer Konstantin Mikhailovich Stanyukovich describes the conversation on this subject between Rear Admiral Ivan Andreevich Korenev and Midshipman Vladimir Ashanin:

“The admiral listened attentively, but after five minutes he impatiently shrugged his shoulders and spoke:

“Do you know what I will tell you, dear friend.”

“What, Your Excellency?”

- Yes, call me simply by name and patronymic, otherwise you are all: Your Excellency.

Do you hear?

“Listen, sir.”

As we said above, according to tradition, the commander of the ship was not a member of the wardroom and could get into its walls only at the invitation of a senior officer who spoke on behalf of all members of the community. If there were no such invitations, or they were extremely rare, the chief of the squad of courts could raise the question of the "removal" of the commander from office due to the lack of proper contact with his subordinates. By tradition, the commander was always invited to Sunday lunch.

Of his own will, the commander stepped over coaming cabin companies only in exceptional cases, for example, to hold a military council, which was held exclusively in this room. There was another option - to inform the officers of some important news - for example, about the birth of the heir to the throne or the announcement of the order on the long-awaited return from distant voyage to the distant Homeland.

What is the reason that the main face of the ship historically was not part of the wardroom?

The answer is pretty simple.

The cabin-company was a closed corporation within the ship, where the admission of "strangers" was almost closed. The officers had every right to criticize the commander (within the boundaries permitted by the charter and senior officer), and no one could limit this right within these limits.

As for the commander, he was not an officer in the understanding of this corporation. He was a commander, and that was all.

We add that the ship’s commander was not even “first among equals” - the same senior ship officer possessed such rights. But if the senior officer himself turned into a commander, then he himself automatically lost the right to appear in the wardroom of his own free will. The traditions of the Russian Imperial Navy were unshakable.

More difficult was the position in the wardroom of the admiral and his headquarters. On the one hand, the flagship was a guest on board and had every right to a place of honor in the wardroom. On the other hand, he was the owner of his own salon, and, therefore, could not enter the cabin company and had no right to influence her activities. Therefore, if the flagship stayed on the ship, his relationship with the wardroom was usually built as a commander’s - invitations to joint lunches with officers, and in response to invitations to a meal in the admiral's salon. There was one exception - along with the "ordinary" officers, the admiral could invite and very often invited the ship's commander.

What did the wardroom look like on various ships? To start, we will visit the Korshun corvette again:

“Volodya went down to the cabin and went to the senior officer, who was sitting in a place of honor, on the couch, at the end of a large table, on the sides of which all corvette officers were sitting on screwed benches. On both sides of the cabin there were cabins for a senior officer, a doctor, a senior navigator, and five watch commanders. There was a piano against the table against the wall. The hanging large lamp shone with a bright cheerful light. ”

On larger sailboats, there were practically no differences in the situation of the “officer meeting”. Here, for example, is Goncharov’s description of the cabins of the Pallada frigate:

"Is he brought me to the cabin company, a spacious room below, on the cockpit, with no windows, but with a hatch above, through which plentiful light falls. Small officers' cabins were placed around, and in the middle went a mizzen mast, disguised as a round sofa. In the wardroom there was a long table, which are in the classrooms, with benches. On it, officers dine and study. There was still a couch, and nothing more. No matter how massive this table is, but with a strong pitching, it was thrown from side to side, and almost once crushed our tiny, kind, helpful manager of the officer’s desk P. A. Tikhmenev».

However, for the first time the cabin company did not seem too cozy for Goncharov because of its lower neighbor - the kryute chamber, where artillery and gunpowder were stored. What was this terrible place?

First of all, it was strictly isolated from other cabins due to increased fire and explosion hazard. The room was separated from other parts of the ship by a more than five-inch (130 mm) frame, which was trimmed on both sides "in the groove" with 30-mm boards. Then the outer boards were properly soaked with a saturated alum solution and covered with tin sheets. The joints were carefully soldered.

Inside, the kruite camera was sheathed with lead sheets 1.6 mm thick; joints were also sealed. The floor was protected by tin and lead sheets. On top of the lead was a thick layer of dense felt.

With the rest of the ship’s premises, the powder cellar was connected by a vestibule and two doors, with a coarse-haired curtain that prevented air from entering. A lantern with a candle inside was located outside the chamber, and the glass in the lantern was double. There was also a flood system in case of fire.

The cabin – company of the Eagle battleship squadron consisted of four rooms.

The main one was, let's say, the “dining room”, a large part of which was occupied by a long dining table for up to 32 people. 32nd was the commander of the ship, who took a seat opposite the senior officer, who was at the head of the table. Most often, this place was not taken, because the commander appeared in the cabin only at the invitation of the officers. In addition to the commander, a place of honor could be offered to any of the guests of the ship, as well as to the admiral, if he was invited to visit the wardroom.

The part of the table, located on the left hand of the senior officer, was called "stern" and was the most honorable. Here were the places of the ship’s senior specialists (senior mine officer, senior artillery officer, senior navigating officer, senior ship’s mechanic), auditor, as well as other lieutenants and a senior ship’s doctor.

To the right sat the midshipman, the priest, the landlords, as well as the wartime officers - warrant officers on the naval side and warrant officers on the mechanical side. This part was called the "tank."

What are the reasons for such names for parts of the cabin-companion table? Here again we need to recall the tradition, according to which officer cabins were historically located in the stern, and sailors and non-commissioned officers lived in the bow of the ship - on the tank. Thus, the seating at the table, in fact, copied the ship hierarchy, but already at the scale of the wardroom.

We also add that no one else and under any circumstances could take the positions of senior officer, senior mechanic and senior navigator officer. Other places were assigned to each of the officers of the ship, but could be provided to guests in the absence of the owner.

In addition to the table and chairs, in the “dining room” there were six armchairs, two sofas, a bookcase and an invariable piano.

Behind the transverse bulkhead there was another room, almost half-divided by a longitudinal beam, intended for officers to rest. There were two coffee tables and a few other chairs. The interior of this compartment was supplemented by two pairs of 75 mm "mine" guns, which stood side-by-side.

The decor of the cabin companies of ships of the 1st rank was given great attention. So, horse hair was used for stuffing upholstered furniture. On the walls hung paintings and prints; the floor could be covered not with “oilcloth” (linoleum), but with parquet. Portholes were draped with heavy velvet curtains.

The cabin — a smaller company of ships — had a more Spartan setting. For example, the Finnish floating naval assembly of mine cruisers (destroyers) had a sofa, a polished wood table, two sideboards, chairs, mirrors and a clock. The ceilings were sewn up with linoleum, on top of which zinc white was applied.

Now we turn to the "spiritual food."

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when phonographs and phonographs were still quite rare, there was only one outlet for music lovers - a cabin – companion piano. If for some reason it was impossible to play, they urgently sought a way out of this situation. Says the ship's doctor, the armored cruiser Aurora Vladimir Kravchenko:

“A few words about our cabin-companion musical instrument. Moving it to a new room - to the commander’s canteen, after the previous cabin company had to be filled up with coal, delivered a lot of work and laughter. (This happened even before I arrived at the transition from Gabon to Great Fish Bay.) At first, when the coal was piled up, we came to the conclusion that a piano of its size cannot be carried through a winding and narrow corridor connecting the old cabin with the new one. Therefore, it was decided to leave it in its old place and wrap it with tarps in view of the proximity of coal. But a day later, our musicians were bored without him, they opened the tarps and found that the piano had already suffered: the sound, they say, became deaf. Then two energetic midshipmen decided to disassemble it and transfer it in this form. They laughed at them, laughed, but the dismantling was in such a hurry that soon they formed whole mountains of different screws, sticks, pieces of wood, etc. In the end, the two prominent parts on which the keyboard was placed did not lend themselves to analysis, they turned out to be excellent glued. This episode disheartened everyone, and it was decided to dismantle the doorposts of the iron bulkhead doors. They knocked for a long time, broke; finally, with great difficulty, they managed to drag the piano into a narrow, curved corridor, where again a lot of obstacles had to be removed. By 11 o’clock in the evening the piano arrived at the front door of the new cabin, which also turned out to be narrow and faced with iron, so that any expansion was impossible. Then the initiators of the transfusion, which were soaked in sweat, were angry, the opponents gloated and laughed until they fell; advice and pungent rained from all sides, circumstances became critical, and tragedy could easily come out of the tragicomedy. Everyone had already retreated when the senior officer arrived and decided that a piece of the piano should be taken away. Taunts rained down: how is it to cut a piano. But, indeed, it was the only outcome. And then a ship carpenter appeared with a saw and began to saw the piano. I think that no one has ever heard the sounds of a piano sawing, and that is why in one group of officers there was a homeric laughter, and in the other - poorly concealed anger and frustration. When a decent piece was sawn off, the remnants of the piano were brought into place, and through the efforts of the same two initiators it was again collected at two in the morning. “The carpenter skillfully attached the sawn off part, and the officers began to make amusing sounds again.”

We add in this regard that in the cabin of the Aurora company and today is the piano. But this is not the same famous tool that a ship carpenter sawed under the guidance of cruiser officers. Now visitors to the museum ship can watch the piano from the Polar Star imperial yacht. As for the relic that passed Tsushima, the author, alas, does not know anything about her fate.

Since the time of Peter the Great, it was established that the serving-cabin table should be up to standard. For ceremonial occasions there were silver appliances and crystal; even on long voyages, napkins and other accessories laid down in a decent society were mandatory. For example, the decree of Peter the Great of 1720 required to have two types of glasses on ships - green glass and transparent glass. From the first it was necessary to drink white wine, and from the second - red.

Zealots of maritime traditions followed Peter's directive exactly. So, one of the comrades of midshipman Auchanin, invited to breakfast with the admiral, recommends that he pour white wine in a green glass and red wine in a small glass. Otherwise, the flagship could "ripen."

It should be noted that table setting for cabin-companion tables was always released “from the treasury”. Therefore, the monogram of the ship was often applied to the silver instruments mentioned above, as well as the dishes.

In a special way there were meals in the storm.

A special twine net (it was also called a “violin”) or a lattice, in which cells were placed and instruments placed, were rigidly fixed on the dining table. Bottles, decanters and glasses were laid flat in the grate. As a contemporary wrote, “the messengers wrote out monograms and made unusual acrobatic movements in order to bring the dishes to their destination and not to scatter dishes on the floor. I had to choose the moments for dinner too, to use them skillfully in order to safely bring the fork to my mouth, not to spill wine or to burn ourselves with hot tea, which was served in glasses wrapped in a napkin. ”

Another option was used. On the old sailboats that have survived to this day (for example, on the British “tea” clipper “Cutty Sark”, which was very burnt out in 2007), one could see an extremely curious hanging table, which was just used in the storm.

A special hook was attached to the ceiling, to which a round thick wooden tabletop with a diameter of about a meter was attached on a long copper rod. In it were made various depths of the "hole" of different radius, into which it was supposed to insert glasses and plates with food.

Thus, with strong rolling, the table could assume a position parallel to the clipper deck.

However, neither the "violin", nor other devices from the battle of dishes did not always save. According to one of the memoirists, on long trips often had to drink tea because of the lack of glasses from "empty mustard".

A special person was responsible for the officer’s desk - “the owner of the cabins”. His budget was formed from "table money", which relied to the officers. He purchased products that were later handed over to officer cooks, and followed a variety of menus.

According to the charter of the keeper of the cabin company, officers were to be re-elected every three months, but in practice there were also “eternal prisoners” who performed their duties throughout the entire service life on a particular ship. Theoretically, the landlord could be replaced by a “free” bartender, but they were very reluctant to enter the fleet, since not everyone liked the “nomadic” sea life. In addition, the barman had to pay a salary, which increased the costs of officers.

If several ships were under repair or at the same time ended up in the port for some relatively long time, then very often the duties of the “breadwinner” were assigned to one of the landlords. Here is what Georgy Karlovich Stark, whom we are familiar with, was promoted to senior lieutenant and recently took command of the destroyer “Strong” (May 1912, the ship is under repair in Kronstadt), writes in his diary:

“We are all sitting together on the barge near which we are standing. The mechanic of the "Active" feeds us, an excellent host. In internal swimming, I did not pay less than 35 rubles a month, but here we pay no more than 25 rubles and eat impeccably, but he strictly requires that in case of absence they would let him know. “18 people are waiting for us, and in the evening it often happens that there are three left, on this he builds his calculation.”

But very often the opposite happened - the owner of the cabin-company was completely unable to provide his colleagues with “tasty and healthy food”, as a result of which he was dismissed. And this is not surprising - no one specially prepared in the Marine Corps, nor in the Marine Engineering School of the “landlords”. And economic people have always been a rarity and a great value. Says the ship's doctor, armored cruiser, 2nd rank "Emerald" Vladimir Kravchenko:

“We have a change of ministry. Canned food, tangier the fruits of an oversight rotted in the provisions cellar and poisoned the air in the cabins. We already ate impossible, and now, in conclusion, an overrun has already appeared. I had to choose a new head of the cabin – companion table, more experienced. ”

Cold appetizers were represented by herring, balyk, caviar, lampreys, pickles; hot - with meatballs in sour cream, sausages in tomato, buckwheat porridge with onions and eggs. Then they served a coulibia with a screech and fresh fish, a broth and roasted wild goat. As a dessert, there were tubes with cream from the Libyan confectionery Bonitsa. Strong drinks were not forgotten - gentlemen, the officers ate plain vodka, brandy and bison, madeira and herc. To coffee appeared cognac and whiskey.

Inhabitants of cabins were often animals. Sometimes this led to funny things. Narrated by Harald Karlovich Graf:

“Member of the cabins there was also a gray parrot with a red head, which knew many words and even pronounced short phrases. He spoke particularly clearly many times repeated phrases like: “messenger, tea”, “call the watchman”, “messengers, serve”, etc. Thanks to this, even ridiculous misunderstandings turned out: either the messenger brought tea unnecessarily, or they started serving food prematurely . The senior officer, when annoyed at his messenger, scolded him for a fool, and his name was Stepan. For some reason, the ass was especially picked up by him and often, sitting on his perch, constantly repeating: "Stepan is a fool, Stepan is a fool." This led in the future to a very unpleasant incident. When the naval minister, Vice Admiral Stepan Arkadyevich Voevodsky, did a cruiser’s inspection and, passing through the cabin of the company, stopped in front of the parrot’s perch, he began to insistently repeat: “Stepan is a fool, Stepan is a fool.” Everyone from surprise did not know what to do, but the parrot repeats everything: “Stepan is a fool.” Fortunately, the minister pretended that he did not understand what he was saying, and hurried to move away from the parrot. But it is not known how he reacted to this. Didn’t he think that this was a bad joke, especially since the commander and senior officer praised the parrot very much. ”

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